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         [[File:Technology_Trends_-_Low_Code_Application_Development_Forrester_Wave.png|center]]
 
         [[File:Technology_Trends_-_Low_Code_Application_Development_Forrester_Wave.png|center]]
    
         <p class="source">Figure 1 The Forrester Wave: Low-Code Development Platforms for AD&D Professionals, Q1 2019. Used without permission.</p>
 
         <p class="source">Figure 1 The Forrester Wave: Low-Code Development Platforms for AD&D Professionals, Q1 2019. Used without permission.</p>
 
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   <p>Websites of the low-code tool leaders typically provide reference customers, and these include numerous prominent banks, insurance companies, airlines, government departments, and the US Army – though in most cases no details are given about the precise application domain. Most of the analysts’ reports, as well as self-reporting by OutSystems and Mendix, indicate that 88% of companies are adopting low-code, while 74% of those companies are integrating the business side into low-code development, thereby directly involving the clients who dictate the requirements .</p>
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   <p class="inline">Websites of the low-code tool leaders typically provide reference customers, and these include numerous prominent banks, insurance companies, airlines, government departments, and the US Army – though in most cases no details are given about the precise application domain. Most of the analysts’ reports, as well as self-reporting by OutSystems and Mendix, indicate that 88% of companies are adopting low-code, while 74% of those companies are integrating the business side into low-code development, thereby directly involving the clients who dictate the requirements.</p><p class="highlighted inline mw-collapsible-content"> ([https://www.mendix.com/why-developers-should-embrace-low-code/ Example])</p>
    
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         [[File:Technology_Trends_-_Low_Code_Application_Development_Gartner_Magic_Quadrant.png|center]]
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         <p class="source">Figure 1 The Forrester Wave: Low-Code Development Platforms for AD&D Professionals, Q1 2019. Used without permission.</p>
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         <p class="source">Figure 2 : Magic Quadrant de Gartner – Plate-forme d’application d’entreprise comme service à haute productivité. Utilisé sans autorisation.</p>
 
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             <td>Challengers</td>
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             <td>OutSystems</td>
             <td>Nouveaux fournisseurs</td>
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             <td>OutSystems</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Contenders</td>
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             <td>Mendix</td>
             <td>Fournisseurs concurrents</td>
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             <td>Mendix</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Strong Performers</td>
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             <td>ServiceNow</td>
             <td>Fournisseurs performants</td>
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             <td>ServiceNow</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Leaders</td>
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             <td>Microsoft</td>
             <td>Chefs de file</td>
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             <td>Microsoft</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Stronger current offering</td>
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             <td>Kintone</td>
             <td>Offres actuelles les plus intéressantes</td>
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             <td>Kintone</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Weaker current offering</td>
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             <td>Caspio</td>
             <td>Offres actuelles les moins intéressantes</td>
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             <td>Caspio</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Weaker strategy</td>
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             <td>AgilePoint</td>
             <td>Stratégie plus faible</td>
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             <td>AgilePoint</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Stronger strategy</td>
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             <td>MatsSoft</td>
             <td>Stratégie plus solide</td>
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             <td>MatsSoft</td>
          </tr>
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          <tr>
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            <td>Market presence</td>
  −
            <td>Présence sur le marché</td>
  −
          </tr>
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          <tr>
  −
            <td>OutSystems</td>
  −
            <td>OutSystems</td>
  −
          </tr>
  −
          <tr>
  −
            <td>Mendix</td>
  −
            <td>Mendix</td>
   
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Kony</td>
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             <td>Bpm’online</td>
             <td>Kony</td>
+
             <td>Bpm’online</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Microsoft</td>
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             <td>Quick Base</td>
             <td>Microsoft</td>
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             <td>Quick Base</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Salesforce</td>
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             <td>TrackVia</td>
             <td>Salesforce</td>
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             <td>TrackVia</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>ServiceNow</td>
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             <td>Fujitsu</td>
             <td>ServiceNow</td>
+
             <td>Fujitsu</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>GeneXus</td>
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             <td>OrangeScape</td>
             <td>GeneXus</td>
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             <td>OrangeScape</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Progress Software</td>
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             <td>Zoho</td>
             <td>Progress Software</td>
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             <td>Zoho</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>WaveMaker</td>
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             <td>Betty Blocks</td>
             <td>WaveMaker</td>
+
             <td>Betty Blocks</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>MatsSoft</td>
+
             <td>Kony</td>
             <td>MatsSoft</td>
+
             <td>Kony</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Thinkwise</td>
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             <td>Appian</td>
             <td>Thinkwise</td>
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             <td>Appian</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Skuid</td>
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             <td>Oracle</td>
             <td>Skuid</td>
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             <td>Oracle</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Clear Software</td>
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             <td>Pegasystems</td>
             <td>Clear Software</td>
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             <td>Pegasystems</td>
 
           </tr>
 
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         [[File:Technology_Trends_-_Low_Code_Application_Development_Top_Goals.png|center]]
 
         [[File:Technology_Trends_-_Low_Code_Application_Development_Top_Goals.png|center]]
    
         <p class="source">Figure 3 Top Goals with Respect to the Digital Experience Provided for Citizens. Used without permission from: Improving Digital Experience for End Users in the Public Sector, IDG Research Services, December 2018.</p>
 
         <p class="source">Figure 3 Top Goals with Respect to the Digital Experience Provided for Citizens. Used without permission from: Improving Digital Experience for End Users in the Public Sector, IDG Research Services, December 2018.</p>
 
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             <td>Challengers</td>
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             <td>Increase the quality of citizen user experience</td>
             <td>Nouveaux fournisseurs</td>
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             <td>Accroître la qualité de l’expérience utilisateur du citoyen</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Contenders</td>
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             <td>Lower service delivery costs</td>
             <td>Fournisseurs concurrents</td>
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             <td>Diminuer les coûts de la prestation des services</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Strong Performers</td>
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             <td>Improve data security</td>
             <td>Fournisseurs performants</td>
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             <td>Améliorer la sécurité des données</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Leaders</td>
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             <td>Provide better access to data and information</td>
             <td>Chefs de file</td>
+
             <td>Offrir un meilleur accès aux données et à l’information</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Stronger current offering</td>
+
             <td>Increase speed of service delivery</td>
             <td>Offres actuelles les plus intéressantes</td>
+
             <td>Accroître la rapidité de la prestation des services</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Weaker current offering</td>
+
             <td>Reduce staff time spent addressing citizen/student requests, questions, complaints</td>
            <td>Offres actuelles les moins intéressantes</td>
+
             <td>Réduire le temps consacré par le personnel à la résolution des demandes de renseignements, des questions et des plaintes des citoyens et des étudiants</td>
          </tr>
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          <tr>
  −
            <td>Weaker strategy</td>
  −
             <td>Stratégie plus faible</td>
   
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Stronger strategy</td>
+
             <td>Increase usage or programs/generate revenue</td>
             <td>Stratégie plus solide</td>
+
             <td>Accroître l’utilisation des programmes et générer des revenus</td>
 
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
           <tr>
 
           <tr>
             <td>Market presence</td>
+
             <td>Develop user profiles to personalize transactions</td>
             <td>Présence sur le marché</td>
+
             <td>Créer des profils d’utilisateurs pour personnaliser les transactions</td>
          </tr>
  −
          <tr>
  −
            <td>OutSystems</td>
  −
            <td>OutSystems</td>
  −
          </tr>
  −
          <tr>
  −
            <td>Mendix</td>
  −
            <td>Mendix</td>
  −
          </tr>
  −
          <tr>
  −
            <td>Kony</td>
  −
            <td>Kony</td>
  −
          </tr>
  −
          <tr>
  −
            <td>Microsoft</td>
  −
            <td>Microsoft</td>
  −
          </tr>
  −
          <tr>
  −
            <td>Salesforce</td>
  −
            <td>Salesforce</td>
  −
          </tr>
  −
          <tr>
  −
            <td>ServiceNow</td>
  −
            <td>ServiceNow</td>
  −
          </tr>
  −
          <tr>
  −
            <td>GeneXus</td>
  −
            <td>GeneXus</td>
  −
          </tr>
  −
          <tr>
  −
            <td>Progress Software</td>
  −
            <td>Progress Software</td>
  −
          </tr>
  −
          <tr>
  −
            <td>WaveMaker</td>
  −
            <td>WaveMaker</td>
  −
          </tr>
  −
          <tr>
  −
            <td>MatsSoft</td>
  −
            <td>MatsSoft</td>
  −
          </tr>
  −
          <tr>
  −
            <td>Thinkwise</td>
  −
            <td>Thinkwise</td>
  −
          </tr>
  −
          <tr>
  −
            <td>Skuid</td>
  −
            <td>Skuid</td>
  −
          </tr>
  −
          <tr>
  −
            <td>Clear Software</td>
  −
            <td>Clear Software</td>
   
           </tr>
 
           </tr>
 
         </table>
 
         </table>
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     <li>Most organizations experience some pushback from traditional developers, partly due to skepticism, though often due to defensiveness as more (and cheaper) people become “developers.”</li>
 
     <li>Most organizations experience some pushback from traditional developers, partly due to skepticism, though often due to defensiveness as more (and cheaper) people become “developers.”</li>
 
     <li>Most traditional development environments involve a one-off purchase of the IDE, however, low-code licenses are considerably more complex, often involving per-deployed-app costs. Those costs are sometimes opaque and need to be fully worked through for the ROI analysis.</li>
 
     <li>Most traditional development environments involve a one-off purchase of the IDE, however, low-code licenses are considerably more complex, often involving per-deployed-app costs. Those costs are sometimes opaque and need to be fully worked through for the ROI analysis.</li>
     <li>There are several low-code systems to choose from, though the current leaders (which include Mendix, Microsoft and OutSystems) have consistently been ahead of the pack . Which platforms to choose is a challenge that depends heavily on legacy software to be supported, existing deployment platforms, etc. Supporting more than one low-code platform will bring its own challenges.</li>
+
     <li>There are several low-code systems to choose from, though the current leaders (which include Mendix, Microsoft and OutSystems) have consistently been ahead of the pack</p><p class="highlighted inline mw-collapsible-content"> (That is not quite true for Microsoft, which is relatively new to low-code, though their development environments and general platforms are very mature and strategic.)</p><p class="inline">. Which platforms to choose is a challenge that depends heavily on legacy software to be supported, existing deployment platforms, etc. Supporting more than one low-code platform will bring its own challenges.</li>
 
     <li>The proprietary nature of low-code gives a certain level of “lock-in,” preventing SSC from changing vendor or leaving low-code altogether. Vendors usually portray low-code as having no lock-in because C# or Java code is generated, which may be maintained further without low-code. In practice, this is not true for large apps.</li>
 
     <li>The proprietary nature of low-code gives a certain level of “lock-in,” preventing SSC from changing vendor or leaving low-code altogether. Vendors usually portray low-code as having no lock-in because C# or Java code is generated, which may be maintained further without low-code. In practice, this is not true for large apps.</li>
 
     <li>Low-code’s ease (“democratization”) of app development can cause problems for SSC: clients will be tempted to develop on their own if SSC is not fast enough, thereby creating a shadow IT (hidden/skunk works) mentality. If allowed to grow, this will create maintenance issues as well as an existential problem for SSC.</li>
 
     <li>Low-code’s ease (“democratization”) of app development can cause problems for SSC: clients will be tempted to develop on their own if SSC is not fast enough, thereby creating a shadow IT (hidden/skunk works) mentality. If allowed to grow, this will create maintenance issues as well as an existential problem for SSC.</li>
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   <p>SSC should consider a low-code trial for several reasons: gaining exposure, evaluating low-code tools, and quantifying the ROI (at least for one project). Ideally, all of the leading low-code systems should be evaluated – though the field may be thinned (e.g. to Microsoft PowerApps or OutSystems) based on breadth of the system as well as the match to existing technologies in-use by SSC. During the trial, several aspects should be measured: training cost (which is then translated to amortized training costs as they would be across several projects), amortized licensing costs, elapsed time, client satisfaction, and amortized maintenance costs.</p>
 
   <p>SSC should consider a low-code trial for several reasons: gaining exposure, evaluating low-code tools, and quantifying the ROI (at least for one project). Ideally, all of the leading low-code systems should be evaluated – though the field may be thinned (e.g. to Microsoft PowerApps or OutSystems) based on breadth of the system as well as the match to existing technologies in-use by SSC. During the trial, several aspects should be measured: training cost (which is then translated to amortized training costs as they would be across several projects), amortized licensing costs, elapsed time, client satisfaction, and amortized maintenance costs.</p>
 +
 +
  <h2>References</h2>
 +
 +
  <ol>
 +
    <li>Appian. (2016). <i>[https://www.appian.com/assets/sites/14/2016/12/low-code-guide.pdf Low-Code Guide].</i> Retrieved from appian.com</li>
 +
    <li>Azoff, M. (2018, April 13).<i>[https://ovum.informa.com/resources/product-content/ovum-decision-matrix-selecting-an-enterprise-mobile-application-development-platform-201819 Ovum Decision Matrix: Selecting an Enterprise Mobile Application Development Platform, 2018–19].</i> Retrieved from ovum.informa.com</li>
 +
    <li>Maio, A. D., & Howard, R. (2018, November 2).<i>[https://www.gartner.com/doc/reprints?id=1-667LEM1&ct=190130&st=sb Introducing the Gartner Digital Government Maturity Model 2.0].</i> Retrieved from gartner.com</li>
 +
    <li>Marvin, R. (2018, August 10).<i>[https://www.pcmag.com/roundup/353252/the-best-low-code-development-platforms The Best Low-Code Development Platforms for 2019].</i> Retrieved from pcmag.com</li>
 +
    <li>Mendix. (2019, July 4).<i>[https://www.mendix.com/why-developers-should-embrace-low-code/ App dev has evolved: Why developers need to embrace Low-Code].</i> Retrieved from mendix.com</li>
 +
    <li>Outsystems. (2019, March 26).<i>[https://www.outsystems.com/1/idg-report-low-code-development-local-government/ Accelerating Digital Government With Low-Code Development].</i> Retrieved from outsystems.com</li>
 +
    <li>Revell, M. (2019, February 7).<i>[https://www.outsystems.com/blog/what-is-low-code.html What Is Low-Code?]</i> Retrieved from outsystems.com</li>
 +
    <li>Rymer, J. R., Koplowitz, R., Mines, C., Sjoblom, S., & Turley, C. (2019, March 13).<i>[https://reprints.forrester.com/#/assets/2/160/RES144387/reports The Forrester Wave™: Low-Code Development Platforms For AD&D Professionals, Q1 2019].</i> Retrieved from reprints.forrester.com</li>
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    <li>Vincent, P., Baker, V., Natis, Y., Iijima, K., Driver, M., Dunie, R., . . . Gupta, A. (2018, April 26).<i>[https://www.gartner.com/doc/reprints?id=1-4XVPI4N&ct=180430&st=sb Magic Quadrant for Enterprise High-Productivity Application Platform as a Service].</i> Retrieved from gartner.com</li>
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    <li>Wikipedia. (2019, July 18).<i>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-code_development_platform Low-code development platform].</i> Retrieved from en.wikipedia.org</li>
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  </ol>
 
</div>
 
</div>
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<!--
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<h2>References</h2>
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<ol>
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  <li>Diedrich, H. (2016). <i>Ethereum: Blockchains, Digital Assets, Smart Contracts, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations.</i> Scotts Valley: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.</li>
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  <li>Furlonger, D., & Kandaswamy, R. (25 July 2018). <i>[https://www.gartner.com/document/3883991 Hype Cycle for Blockchain Technologies].</i> Retrieved on 23 May 2019</li>
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  <li>Gilder, G. (2018). Life After Google: <i>The Fall of Big Data and the Rise of the Blockchain Economy.</i> New Jersey: Gateway Editions.</li>
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  <li>Gupta, V. (28 February 2017). <i>[https://hbr.org/2017/02/a-brief-history-of-blockchain A Brief History of Blockchain].</i> Retrieved on 23 May 2019</li>
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  <li>Orcutt, M. (19 February 2019). <i>[https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612974/once-hailed-as-unhackable-blockchains-are-now-getting-hacked/ Once hailed as unhackable, blockchains are now getting hacked].</i> Retrieved on 23 May 2019</li>
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  <li>Secretariat, T. B. (29 March 2019). <i>[https://www.canada.ca/en/government/system/digital-government/digital-operations-strategic-plan-2018-2022.html Digital Operations Strategic Plan: 2018-2022].</i> Retrieved on 23 May 2019</li>
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  <li>Vallée, J.-C. L. (April 2018). <i>[https://www.conferenceboard.ca/temp/7dc77c07-7e5a-4be6-ad6d-7d1070f9ac20/9591_Cautious%20Optimism_BR.pdf Adopting Blockchain to Improve Canadian Government Digital Services].</i> Retrieved on 23 May 2019</li>
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