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Line 429: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − <!--+ − <h2>References</h2>+ − <ol>+ − <li>Diedrich, H. (2016). <i>Ethereum: Blockchains, Digital Assets, Smart Contracts, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations.</i> Scotts Valley: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.</li>+ − <li>Furlonger, D., & Kandaswamy, R. (25 July 2018). <i>[https://www.gartner.com/document/3883991 Hype Cycle for Blockchain Technologies].</i> Retrieved on 23 May 2019</li> + − <li>Gilder, G. (2018). Life After Google: <i>The Fall of Big Data and the Rise of the Blockchain Economy.</i> New Jersey: Gateway Editions.</li> + − <li>Gupta, V. (28 February 2017). <i>[https://hbr.org/2017/02/a-brief-history-of-blockchain A Brief History of Blockchain].</i> Retrieved on 23 May 2019</li>+ − <li>Orcutt, M. (19 February 2019). <i>[https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612974/once-hailed-as-unhackable-blockchains-are-now-getting-hacked/ Once hailed as unhackable, blockchains are now getting hacked].</i> Retrieved on 23 May 2019</li>+ − <li>Secretariat, T. B. (29 March 2019). <i>[https://www.canada.ca/en/government/system/digital-government/digital-operations-strategic-plan-2018-2022.html Digital Operations Strategic Plan: 2018-2022].</i> Retrieved on 23 May 2019</li>+ − <li>Vallée, J.-C. L. (April 2018). <i>[https://www.conferenceboard.ca/temp/7dc77c07-7e5a-4be6-ad6d-7d1070f9ac20/9591_Cautious%20Optimism_BR.pdf Adopting Blockchain to Improve Canadian Government Digital Services].</i> Retrieved on 23 May 2019</li> + − </ol>+ − -->+ + + + − + + + + Line 215:
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Technology Trends/Low Code Application Development (view source)
Revision as of 14:23, 18 July 2019
, 14:23, 18 July 2019no edit summary
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[[fr:Tendances_Technologiques/Développement d'Application LowCode]]
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<br><p><b></b></p>
<br><p>A <b>Low-Code Development Platform</b> (or simply low-code ) is a software development environment and platform that enables modern programmers to develop application software (apps) through graphical user interfaces instead of writing code in a traditional programming language. While originally intended for applications involving databases, business processes, content/document management systems, and web interfaces, low-code is now mature enough to develop almost all types of applications except for those deeply embedded, or very high-performance (such as games or scientific computing). Low-code has its technical roots in rapid application development (RAD) and fourth generation programming languages from roughly 1992 to the early 2000’s.</p>
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<h2>Business Brief</h2>
<h2>Business Brief</h2>
<p>A Low-Code Development Platform (or simply low-code ) is a software development environment and platform that enables modern programmers to develop application software (apps) through graphical user interfaces instead of writing code in a traditional programming language. While originally intended for applications involving databases, business processes, content/document management systems, and web interfaces, low-code is now mature enough to develop almost all types of applications except for those deeply embedded, or very high-performance (such as games or scientific computing). Low-code has its technical roots in rapid application development (RAD) and fourth generation programming languages from roughly 1992 to the early 2000’s.</p>
<p class="inline">Low-code</p><p class="highlighted inline mw-collapsible-content"> (Some industry analysts and vendors of low-code systems use very different terminology, for example: Gartner uses high-productivity application Platform-as-a-Service (hpaPaaS).)</p><p class="inline"> is built on the concept of higher abstraction levels, where the developer can directly express business processes and requirements without getting mired in coding details. For some apps developed in low-code, a small amount of simple code is typically still written by hand – especially for applications not following one of the vast number of built-in templates. (Those requiring absolutely no handwritten code are referred to as no-code apps.) This reduction in manual coding has some important effects:</p>
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<h2>Industry Use</h2>
<h2>Industry Use</h2>
<p>All of the major technical industry analysts (Forrester, Gartner, Ovum, and IDC) have reported on low-code for a number of years – following Forrester naming it “low-code” in 2014. Those reports have at times identified up to fifty providers of low-code environments over the past decade. Some of those providers have faded, while three have emerged as the leading providers of very broad low-code solutions : Mendix (now a part of Siemens), Microsoft (with PowerApps), and OutSystems. The Forrester Wave from March 2019 is shown in Figure 1, while the 2018 Gartner Magic Quadrant is shown in Figure 2.
<p class="inline">All of the major technical industry analysts (Forrester, Gartner, Ovum, and IDC) have reported on low-code for a number of years – following Forrester naming it “low-code” in 2014. Those reports have at times identified up to fifty providers of low-code environments over the past decade. Some of those providers have faded, while three have emerged as the leading providers of very broad low-code solutions</p><p class="highlighted inline mw-collapsible-content"> (A broad solution is one able to interface to many other types of components (both legacy or written in other programming languages), runs on several platforms, is able to produce apps of all types.)</p><p class="inline"> : Mendix (now a part of Siemens), Microsoft (with PowerApps), and OutSystems. The Forrester Wave from March 2019 is shown in Figure 1, while the 2018 Gartner Magic Quadrant is shown in Figure 2.
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[[File:Technology_Trends_-_Low_Code_Application_Development_Forrester_Wave.png|center]]
<p class="source">Figure 1 The Forrester Wave: Low-Code Development Platforms for AD&D Professionals, Q1 2019. Used without permission.</p>
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<table class="wikitable hypecycleTable">
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<th>English</th>
<th>Français</th>
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<td>Challengers</td>
<td>Nouveaux fournisseurs</td>
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<td>Contenders</td>
<td>Fournisseurs concurrents</td>
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<td>Fournisseurs performants</td>
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<td>Chefs de file</td>
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<td>Offres actuelles les plus intéressantes</td>
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<td>Weaker current offering</td>
<td>Offres actuelles les moins intéressantes</td>
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<td>Weaker strategy</td>
<td>Stratégie plus faible</td>
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<td>Stronger strategy</td>
<td>Stratégie plus solide</td>
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<td>Market presence</td>
<td>Présence sur le marché</td>
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<td>OutSystems</td>
<td>OutSystems</td>
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<td>Mendix</td>
<td>Mendix</td>
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<td>Kony</td>
<td>Kony</td>
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<td>Microsoft</td>
<td>Microsoft</td>
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<td>Salesforce</td>
<td>Salesforce</td>
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<td>ServiceNow</td>
<td>ServiceNow</td>
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<td>GeneXus</td>
<td>GeneXus</td>
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<td>Progress Software</td>
<td>Progress Software</td>
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<td>WaveMaker</td>
<td>WaveMaker</td>
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<td>MatsSoft</td>
<td>MatsSoft</td>
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<td>Thinkwise</td>
<td>Thinkwise</td>
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<td>Skuid</td>
<td>Skuid</td>
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<td>Clear Software</td>
<td>Clear Software</td>
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<p>Among other requirements, the systems featured in the Forrester Wave were chosen because they each:
<p>Among other requirements, the systems featured in the Forrester Wave were chosen because they each:
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<p>Websites of the low-code tool leaders typically provide reference customers, and these include numerous prominent banks, insurance companies, airlines, government departments, and the US Army – though in most cases no details are given about the precise application domain. Most of the analysts’ reports, as well as self-reporting by OutSystems and Mendix, indicate that 88% of companies are adopting low-code, while 74% of those companies are integrating the business side into low-code development, thereby directly involving the clients who dictate the requirements .</p>
<p class="inline">Websites of the low-code tool leaders typically provide reference customers, and these include numerous prominent banks, insurance companies, airlines, government departments, and the US Army – though in most cases no details are given about the precise application domain. Most of the analysts’ reports, as well as self-reporting by OutSystems and Mendix, indicate that 88% of companies are adopting low-code, while 74% of those companies are integrating the business side into low-code development, thereby directly involving the clients who dictate the requirements.</p><p class="highlighted inline mw-collapsible-content"> ([https://www.mendix.com/why-developers-should-embrace-low-code/ Example])</p>
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[[File:Technology_Trends_-_Low_Code_Application_Development_Gartner_Magic_Quadrant.png|center]]
<p class="source">Figure 2 : Magic Quadrant de Gartner – Plate-forme d’application d’entreprise comme service à haute productivité. Utilisé sans autorisation.</p>
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<table class="wikitable hypecycleTable">
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<th>English</th>
<th>Français</th>
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<td>OutSystems</td>
<td>OutSystems</td>
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<td>Mendix</td>
<td>Mendix</td>
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<td>ServiceNow</td>
<td>ServiceNow</td>
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<td>Microsoft</td>
<td>Microsoft</td>
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<td>Kintone</td>
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<td>Caspio</td>
<td>Caspio</td>
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<td>AgilePoint</td>
<td>AgilePoint</td>
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<td>MatsSoft</td>
<td>MatsSoft</td>
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<td>Bpm’online</td>
<td>Bpm’online</td>
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<td>Quick Base</td>
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<td>TrackVia</td>
<td>TrackVia</td>
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<td>Fujitsu</td>
<td>Fujitsu</td>
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<td>OrangeScape</td>
<td>OrangeScape</td>
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<td>Zoho</td>
<td>Zoho</td>
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<td>Betty Blocks</td>
<td>Betty Blocks</td>
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<td>Kony</td>
<td>Kony</td>
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<td>Appian</td>
<td>Appian</td>
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<td>Oracle</td>
<td>Oracle</td>
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<td>Pegasystems</td>
<td>Pegasystems</td>
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<h2>Canadian Government Use</h2>
<h2>Canadian Government Use</h2>
<p>Analyst group IDG and OutSystems have specifically explored OutSystems for digital government, basing their evaluation on the goals shown in Figure 3, though the conclusions are valid for all low-code systems. In particular, low-code can simultaneously increase quality while decreasing service delivery costs.</p>
<p>Analyst group IDG and OutSystems have specifically explored OutSystems for digital government, basing their evaluation on the goals shown in Figure 3, though the conclusions are valid for all low-code systems. In particular, low-code can simultaneously increase quality while decreasing service delivery costs.</p>
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[[File:Technology_Trends_-_Low_Code_Application_Development_Top_Goals.png|center]]
<p class="source">Figure 3 Top Goals with Respect to the Digital Experience Provided for Citizens. Used without permission from: Improving Digital Experience for End Users in the Public Sector, IDG Research Services, December 2018.</p>
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<td>Increase the quality of citizen user experience</td>
<td>Accroître la qualité de l’expérience utilisateur du citoyen</td>
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<td>Lower service delivery costs</td>
<td>Diminuer les coûts de la prestation des services</td>
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<td>Improve data security</td>
<td>Améliorer la sécurité des données</td>
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<td>Provide better access to data and information</td>
<td>Offrir un meilleur accès aux données et à l’information</td>
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<td>Increase speed of service delivery</td>
<td>Accroître la rapidité de la prestation des services</td>
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<td>Reduce staff time spent addressing citizen/student requests, questions, complaints</td>
<td>Réduire le temps consacré par le personnel à la résolution des demandes de renseignements, des questions et des plaintes des citoyens et des étudiants</td>
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<td>Increase usage or programs/generate revenue</td>
<td>Accroître l’utilisation des programmes et générer des revenus</td>
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<td>Develop user profiles to personalize transactions</td>
<td>Créer des profils d’utilisateurs pour personnaliser les transactions</td>
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<p class="expand mw-collapsible-content">It is worth noting that achieving these goals (likely via low-code) fits into the higher levels of Gartner's Digital Government Maturity Model (such as Level 4 and Level 5).</p>
<p class="expand mw-collapsible-content">It is worth noting that achieving these goals (likely via low-code) fits into the higher levels of Gartner's Digital Government Maturity Model (such as Level 4 and Level 5).</p>
<li>Most organizations experience some pushback from traditional developers, partly due to skepticism, though often due to defensiveness as more (and cheaper) people become “developers.”</li>
<li>Most organizations experience some pushback from traditional developers, partly due to skepticism, though often due to defensiveness as more (and cheaper) people become “developers.”</li>
<li>Most traditional development environments involve a one-off purchase of the IDE, however, low-code licenses are considerably more complex, often involving per-deployed-app costs. Those costs are sometimes opaque and need to be fully worked through for the ROI analysis.</li>
<li>Most traditional development environments involve a one-off purchase of the IDE, however, low-code licenses are considerably more complex, often involving per-deployed-app costs. Those costs are sometimes opaque and need to be fully worked through for the ROI analysis.</li>
<li>There are several low-code systems to choose from, though the current leaders (which include Mendix, Microsoft and OutSystems) have consistently been ahead of the pack . Which platforms to choose is a challenge that depends heavily on legacy software to be supported, existing deployment platforms, etc. Supporting more than one low-code platform will bring its own challenges.</li>
<li>There are several low-code systems to choose from, though the current leaders (which include Mendix, Microsoft and OutSystems) have consistently been ahead of the pack</p><p class="highlighted inline mw-collapsible-content"> (That is not quite true for Microsoft, which is relatively new to low-code, though their development environments and general platforms are very mature and strategic.)</p><p class="inline">. Which platforms to choose is a challenge that depends heavily on legacy software to be supported, existing deployment platforms, etc. Supporting more than one low-code platform will bring its own challenges.</li>
<li>The proprietary nature of low-code gives a certain level of “lock-in,” preventing SSC from changing vendor or leaving low-code altogether. Vendors usually portray low-code as having no lock-in because C# or Java code is generated, which may be maintained further without low-code. In practice, this is not true for large apps.</li>
<li>The proprietary nature of low-code gives a certain level of “lock-in,” preventing SSC from changing vendor or leaving low-code altogether. Vendors usually portray low-code as having no lock-in because C# or Java code is generated, which may be maintained further without low-code. In practice, this is not true for large apps.</li>
<li>Low-code’s ease (“democratization”) of app development can cause problems for SSC: clients will be tempted to develop on their own if SSC is not fast enough, thereby creating a shadow IT (hidden/skunk works) mentality. If allowed to grow, this will create maintenance issues as well as an existential problem for SSC.</li>
<li>Low-code’s ease (“democratization”) of app development can cause problems for SSC: clients will be tempted to develop on their own if SSC is not fast enough, thereby creating a shadow IT (hidden/skunk works) mentality. If allowed to grow, this will create maintenance issues as well as an existential problem for SSC.</li>
<p>SSC should consider a low-code trial for several reasons: gaining exposure, evaluating low-code tools, and quantifying the ROI (at least for one project). Ideally, all of the leading low-code systems should be evaluated – though the field may be thinned (e.g. to Microsoft PowerApps or OutSystems) based on breadth of the system as well as the match to existing technologies in-use by SSC. During the trial, several aspects should be measured: training cost (which is then translated to amortized training costs as they would be across several projects), amortized licensing costs, elapsed time, client satisfaction, and amortized maintenance costs.</p>
<p>SSC should consider a low-code trial for several reasons: gaining exposure, evaluating low-code tools, and quantifying the ROI (at least for one project). Ideally, all of the leading low-code systems should be evaluated – though the field may be thinned (e.g. to Microsoft PowerApps or OutSystems) based on breadth of the system as well as the match to existing technologies in-use by SSC. During the trial, several aspects should be measured: training cost (which is then translated to amortized training costs as they would be across several projects), amortized licensing costs, elapsed time, client satisfaction, and amortized maintenance costs.</p>
<h2>References</h2>
<ol>
<li>Appian. (2016). <i>[https://www.appian.com/assets/sites/14/2016/12/low-code-guide.pdf Low-Code Guide].</i> Retrieved from appian.com</li>
<li>Azoff, M. (2018, April 13).<i>[https://ovum.informa.com/resources/product-content/ovum-decision-matrix-selecting-an-enterprise-mobile-application-development-platform-201819 Ovum Decision Matrix: Selecting an Enterprise Mobile Application Development Platform, 2018–19].</i> Retrieved from ovum.informa.com</li>
<li>Maio, A. D., & Howard, R. (2018, November 2).<i>[https://www.gartner.com/doc/reprints?id=1-667LEM1&ct=190130&st=sb Introducing the Gartner Digital Government Maturity Model 2.0].</i> Retrieved from gartner.com</li>
<li>Marvin, R. (2018, August 10).<i>[https://www.pcmag.com/roundup/353252/the-best-low-code-development-platforms The Best Low-Code Development Platforms for 2019].</i> Retrieved from pcmag.com</li>
<li>Mendix. (2019, July 4).<i>[https://www.mendix.com/why-developers-should-embrace-low-code/ App dev has evolved: Why developers need to embrace Low-Code].</i> Retrieved from mendix.com</li>
<li>Outsystems. (2019, March 26).<i>[https://www.outsystems.com/1/idg-report-low-code-development-local-government/ Accelerating Digital Government With Low-Code Development].</i> Retrieved from outsystems.com</li>
<li>Revell, M. (2019, February 7).<i>[https://www.outsystems.com/blog/what-is-low-code.html What Is Low-Code?]</i> Retrieved from outsystems.com</li>
<li>Rymer, J. R., Koplowitz, R., Mines, C., Sjoblom, S., & Turley, C. (2019, March 13).<i>[https://reprints.forrester.com/#/assets/2/160/RES144387/reports The Forrester Wave™: Low-Code Development Platforms For AD&D Professionals, Q1 2019].</i> Retrieved from reprints.forrester.com</li>
<li>Vincent, P., Baker, V., Natis, Y., Iijima, K., Driver, M., Dunie, R., . . . Gupta, A. (2018, April 26).<i>[https://www.gartner.com/doc/reprints?id=1-4XVPI4N&ct=180430&st=sb Magic Quadrant for Enterprise High-Productivity Application Platform as a Service].</i> Retrieved from gartner.com</li>
<li>Wikipedia. (2019, July 18).<i>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-code_development_platform Low-code development platform].</i> Retrieved from en.wikipedia.org</li>
</ol>
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.col-sm-1 { width: 8.333333333%; }
.col-sm-2 { width: 16.66666666%%; }
.col-sm-3 { width: 25%; }
.col-sm-4 { width: 33.333333333333%; }
.col-sm-5 { width: 41.6666666666%; }
.col-sm-6 { width: 50%; }
.col-sm-7 { width: 58.333333333%; }
.col-sm-8 { width: 66.66666666666%; }
.col-sm-9 { width: 75%; }
.col-sm-10 { width: 83.33333333333%; }
.col-sm-11 { width: 91.6666666666%; }
.col-sm-12 { width: 100%; }
.hypecycleTable{
width: 100%;
}
}
@media (max-width: 992px){
@media (max-width: 992px){
.sidetable{ width: 80%; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;}
.sidetable{ width: 80%; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;}
.container{
display: block;
clear: both;
}
.col-sm-1,
.col-sm-2,
.col-sm-3,
.col-sm-4,
.col-sm-5,
.col-sm-6,
.col-sm-7,
.col-sm-8,
.col-sm-9,
.col-sm-10,
.col-sm-11,
.col-sm-12 { clear: both; display: block; width: 100%; margin: auto; }
div>a>img {
width: 100%;
height: auto;
margin: auto;
}
}
}
@media (max-width: 600px){
@media (max-width: 600px){
