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   <p>In order to fully understand 3D Xpoint, a user must understand what computer memory (memory) is. The term memory refers to any information or data, often in binary format, that a machine or technology can recall and use. There are many different kinds of memory in conventional computers and devices, however they differ based on the complex design of the hardware in which they're stored.<ref> techopedia (n.d.) <i>[https://www.techopedia.com/definition/2787/memory Memory]</i>Retrieved from techopedia</ref> Memory can be categorized as volatile (not-permanent) and non-volatile (permanent).</p>

   <p>In order to fully understand 3D Xpoint, a user must understand what computer memory (memory) is. The term memory refers to any information or data, often in binary format, that a machine or technology can recall and use. There are many different kinds of memory in conventional computers and devices, however they differ based on the complex design of the hardware in which they're stored.<ref> techopedia (n.d.) <i>[https://www.techopedia.com/definition/2787/memory Memory]</i>Retrieved from techopedia</ref> Memory can be categorized as volatile (not-permanent) and non-volatile (permanent).</p>

    

    

   <p>Volatile memory, also known as temporary memory, is a type of computer memory that requires power to preserve the stored data/information. If the computer is switched off, anything stored in the volatile memory is removed or deleted. <ref> techopedia (n.d.) <i>[https://www.techopedia.com/definition/9966/volatile-storage Volatile Storage] Retrieved from techopedia </i></ref> All Random Access Memory (RAM) is volatile (some exceptions exist e.g. the CMOS RAM used in the BIOS). RAM is typically used as a primary storage or acts as the main memory in computer systems. Since the primary storage demands extreme speed, it mainly uses volatile memory. Due to the volatile nature of RAM, users often need to save their work to a non-volatile permanent medium, such as a hard drive, in order to avoid data loss. <ref> techopedia (n.d.) <i>[https://www.techopedia.com/definition/9966/volatile-storage Volatile Storage] </i> Retrieved from techopedia </ref></p>

   <p>Volatile memory, also known as temporary memory, is a type of computer memory that requires power to preserve the stored data/information. If the computer is switched off, anything stored in the volatile memory is removed or deleted.<ref> techopedia (n.d.) <i>[https://www.techopedia.com/definition/9966/volatile-storage Volatile Storage] Retrieved from techopedia </i></ref> All Random Access Memory (RAM) is volatile (some exceptions exist e.g. the CMOS RAM used in the BIOS). RAM is typically used as a primary storage or acts as the main memory in computer systems. Since the primary storage demands extreme speed, it mainly uses volatile memory. Due to the volatile nature of RAM, users often need to save their work to a non-volatile permanent medium, such as a hard drive, in order to avoid data loss.<ref> techopedia (n.d.) <i>[https://www.techopedia.com/definition/9966/volatile-storage Volatile Storage] </i> Retrieved from techopedia </ref></p>

    

    

   <p>Non-Volatile Memory (NVM), also known as non-volatile storage, is a type of computer memory that has the capability to hold/store saved data even if the computer’s power is turned off. Unlike volatile memory, NVM does not require its memory data to be periodically refreshed. It is commonly used for secondary storage or long-term consistent storage.<ref>lumen learning (n.d.) <i>[https://courses.lumenlearning.com/collegesuccess2x48x115/chapter/volatile-and-non-volatile-computer-memory-session-6/ Volatile and Non-Volatile Computer Memory]</i> Retrieved from lumen learning</ref> NVM is highly popular among digital media and is widely used in memory chips for USB memory sticks (Flash Drives) and digital cameras. NVM eradicates the need for relatively slow types of secondary storage systems, for example hard disks/hard drives.<ref> techopedia (n.d.) <i>[https://www.techopedia.com/definition/2793/non-volatile-memory-nvm Non-Volatile Memory(NVM)] </i> Retrieved from techopedia </ref></p>

   <p>Non-Volatile Memory (NVM), also known as non-volatile storage, is a type of computer memory that has the capability to hold/store saved data even if the computer’s power is turned off. Unlike volatile memory, NVM does not require its memory data to be periodically refreshed. It is commonly used for secondary storage or long-term consistent storage.<ref>lumen learning (n.d.) <i>[https://courses.lumenlearning.com/collegesuccess2x48x115/chapter/volatile-and-non-volatile-computer-memory-session-6/ Volatile and Non-Volatile Computer Memory]</i> Retrieved from lumen learning</ref> NVM is highly popular among digital media and is widely used in memory chips for USB memory sticks (Flash Drives) and digital cameras. NVM eradicates the need for relatively slow types of secondary storage systems, for example hard disks/hard drives.<ref> techopedia (n.d.) <i>[https://www.techopedia.com/definition/2793/non-volatile-memory-nvm Non-Volatile Memory(NVM)] </i> Retrieved from techopedia </ref></p>

   <p>3D XPoint provides the non-volatile capabilities of NAND technology and low latency of DRAM. This means, 3D XPoint is able to retain its data even in the face of a power loss or reboot (it is a non-volatile technology) but it is also able to maintain the speed of DRAM and operate at lower latency compared to Flash technology.</p>

   <p>3D XPoint provides the non-volatile capabilities of NAND technology and low latency of DRAM. This means, 3D XPoint is able to retain its data even in the face of a power loss or reboot (it is a non-volatile technology) but it is also able to maintain the speed of DRAM and operate at lower latency compared to Flash technology.</p>

   <p>In a nutshell, 3D Xpoint is an attempt to capture the strengths of both DRAM and NAND Flash Memory and provide an alternative to their limitations. 3D XPoint has unique attributes. Like all RAM chips, it is byte addressable and can thus be used as main memory or as a secondary RAM bank. Because it is non-volatile, it can also replace a Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or a Solid State Drive (SSD), or be used in conjunction with each. <ref> pcmag (n.d.) <i>[https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/69459/3d-xpoint 3D XPoint]</i> Retrieved from pcmag </ref></p>

   <p>In a nutshell, 3D Xpoint is an attempt to capture the strengths of both DRAM and NAND Flash Memory and provide an alternative to their limitations. 3D XPoint has unique attributes. Like all RAM chips, it is byte addressable and can thus be used as main memory or as a secondary RAM bank. Because it is non-volatile, it can also replace a Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or a Solid State Drive (SSD), or be used in conjunction with each.<ref> pcmag (n.d.) <i>[https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/69459/3d-xpoint 3D XPoint]</i> Retrieved from pcmag </ref></p>

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       <li><b>Intel Optane Memory: </b>This series comes in an M.2 form factor and a PCIe NVMe 3.0x4 Interface with a capacity of 16GB, 32GB or 64GB. It works as a cache drive operating in parallel with a primary boot drive to turn a simple hard disk into a hybrid disk. The caching algorithm accelerates a computer’s responsiveness by remembering and storing frequently used files to increase workflow productivity. </li>

       <li><b>Intel Optane Memory: </b>This series comes in an M.2 form factor and a PCIe NVMe 3.0x4 Interface with a capacity of 16GB, 32GB or 64GB. It works as a cache drive operating in parallel with a primary boot drive to turn a simple hard disk into a hybrid disk. The caching algorithm accelerates a computer’s responsiveness by remembering and storing frequently used files to increase workflow productivity.</li>

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