Changes

   <p>With today’s 4G network, internet infrastructure providers are quickly realizing that 4G is not equipped to handle the increase in mobile data traffic. By 2020, the projected mobile traffic will be too great for 4G networks to support. To resolve this issue, providers and consumers will need to make the shift to 5G networks.</p>

   <p>With today’s 4G network, internet infrastructure providers are quickly realizing that 4G is not equipped to handle the increase in mobile data traffic. By 2020, the projected mobile traffic will be too great for 4G networks to support. To resolve this issue, providers and consumers will need to make the shift to 5G networks.</p>

   <p class="expand mw-collapsible-content">1G – Analog Voice: introduced in the late 1970s, the first cellphones provided voice-only calls. Years later, some 1G cellphones occasionally provided wireless data service to a laptop by connecting them to the laptop's dial-up modem, but hookups were precarious, and when it worked, the data transfer rate was minuscule <ref>Encyclopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from <i>[https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/55406/cellular-generations/ cellular generations]</i></ref>.</p>

   <p class="expand mw-collapsible-content"><b>1G – Analog Voice: </b>introduced in the late 1970s, the first cellphones provided voice-only calls. Years later, some 1G cellphones occasionally provided wireless data service to a laptop by connecting them to the laptop's dial-up modem, but hookups were precarious, and when it worked, the data transfer rate was minuscule <ref>Encyclopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from <i>[https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/55406/cellular-generations/ cellular generations]</i></ref>.</p>

    

    

   <p class="expand mw-collapsible-content">2G – Digital Networks: introduction of a new digital technology for wireless transmission also known as Global System for Mobile communication (GSM). GSM technology became the base standard for further development in wireless standards. This standard was capable of supporting a data rate from 14.4kbps up to 64kbps (maximum), which is sufficient for SMS and email services. Data networks (GPRS, EDGE, IS-95B) were added and commonly called 2.5G and 2.75G technologies.<ref>Rajiv, & Noman, S. (2018, December 14). Evolution of wireless technologies 1G to 5G in mobile communication. Retrieved from <i>[https://www.rfpage.com/evolution-of-wireless-technologies-1g-to-5g-in-mobile-communication/]</i></ref></p>

   <p class="expand mw-collapsible-content"><b>2G – Digital Networks: </b>introduction of a new digital technology for wireless transmission also known as Global System for Mobile communication (GSM). GSM technology became the base standard for further development in wireless standards. This standard was capable of supporting a data rate from 14.4kbps up to 64kbps (maximum), which is sufficient for SMS and email services. Data networks (GPRS, EDGE, IS-95B) were added and commonly called 2.5G and 2.75G technologies.<ref>Rajiv, & Noman, S. (2018, December 14). Evolution of wireless technologies 1G to 5G in mobile communication. Retrieved from <i>[https://www.rfpage.com/evolution-of-wireless-technologies-1g-to-5g-in-mobile-communication/]</i></ref></p>

    

    

   <p class="expand mw-collapsible-content">3G – High speed IP Data Networks: the third generation, features faster access to the Internet with downstream speeds up to 1 Mbps and more, depending on the 3G version<ref>Encyclopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from <i>[https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/55406/cellular-generations/ cellular generations]</i></ref>.  Third generation mobile communication started with the introduction of UMTS – Universal Mobile Terrestrial / Telecommunication Systems. After the introduction of 3G mobile communication systems, smart phones became popular across the globe. Specific applications were developed for smartphones, which handle multimedia chat, email, video calling, games, social media and healthcare.<ref>Rajiv, & Noman, S. (2018, December 14). Evolution of wireless technologies 1G to 5G in mobile communication. Retrieved from <i>[https://www.rfpage.com/evolution-of-wireless-technologies-1g-to-5g-in-mobile-communication/]</i></ref>.

   <p class="expand mw-collapsible-content"><b>3G – High speed IP Data Networks: </b>the third generation, features faster access to the Internet with downstream speeds up to 1 Mbps and more, depending on the 3G version<ref>Encyclopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from <i>[https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/55406/cellular-generations/ cellular generations]</i></ref>.  Third generation mobile communication started with the introduction of UMTS – Universal Mobile Terrestrial / Telecommunication Systems. After the introduction of 3G mobile communication systems, smart phones became popular across the globe. Specific applications were developed for smartphones, which handle multimedia chat, email, video calling, games, social media and healthcare.<ref>Rajiv, & Noman, S. (2018, December 14). Evolution of wireless technologies 1G to 5G in mobile communication. Retrieved from <i>[https://www.rfpage.com/evolution-of-wireless-technologies-1g-to-5g-in-mobile-communication/]</i></ref>.

   <p>In order to enhance data rate in existing 3G networks, another two technology improvements were introduced to the network. HSDPA – High Speed Downlink Packet access and HSUPA – High Speed Uplink Packet Access, developed and deployed to the 3G networks, known as 3.5G. The next 3G development, known as the 3.75 system, is an improved version of 3G networking with HSPA+ – High Speed Packet Access Plus. Later, this system would evolve into the more powerful 3.9G system known as LTE (Long Term Evolution).</p>

   <p>In order to enhance data rate in existing 3G networks, another two technology improvements were introduced to the network. HSDPA – High Speed Downlink Packet access and HSUPA – High Speed Uplink Packet Access, developed and deployed to the 3G networks, known as 3.5G. The next 3G development, known as the 3.75 system, is an improved version of 3G networking with HSPA+ – High Speed Packet Access Plus. Later, this system would evolve into the more powerful 3.9G system known as LTE (Long Term Evolution).</p>

   <p class="expand mw-collapsible-content">4G – Growth of Mobile Broadband: 4G systems are enhanced versions of 3G networks developed by IEEE, offerings higher data rate and capable to of handle handling more advanced multimedia services. LTE and LTE advanced wireless technology are used in 4th generation systems. Furthermore, it has compatibility with previous versions thus easier deployment and upgrade of LTE and LTE advanced networks are possible.<ref>Rajiv, & Noman, S. (2018, December 14). Evolution of wireless technologies 1G to 5G in mobile communication. Retrieved from <i>[https://www.rfpage.com/evolution-of-wireless-technologies-1g-to-5g-in-mobile-communication/]</i></ref>.</p>

   <p class="expand mw-collapsible-content"><b>4G – Growth of Mobile Broadband: </b>4G systems are enhanced versions of 3G networks developed by IEEE, offerings higher data rate and capable to of handle handling more advanced multimedia services. LTE and LTE advanced wireless technology are used in 4th generation systems. Furthermore, it has compatibility with previous versions thus easier deployment and upgrade of LTE and LTE advanced networks are possible.<ref>Rajiv, & Noman, S. (2018, December 14). Evolution of wireless technologies 1G to 5G in mobile communication. Retrieved from <i>[https://www.rfpage.com/evolution-of-wireless-technologies-1g-to-5g-in-mobile-communication/]</i></ref>.</p>

    

    

   <p class="expand mw-collapsible-content">It is basically the extension in the 3G technology with more bandwidth and services. One of the main ways in which 4G differed technologically from 3G was in its elimination of circuit switching, instead employing an all-IP network. Thus, 4G ushered in a treatment of voice calls just like any other type of streaming audio media, utilizing packet switching over internet, LAN or WAN networks via VoIP.<ref>NA. (2008, 08 23). 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G - The Evolution of Wireless Generations. Retrieved from Support.Chinavision:<i> https://support.chinavasion.com/index.php?/Knowledgebase/Article/View/284/42/1g-2g-3g-4g---the-evolution-of-wireless-generations</i></ref></p>

   <p class="expand mw-collapsible-content">It is basically the extension in the 3G technology with more bandwidth and services. One of the main ways in which 4G differed technologically from 3G was in its elimination of circuit switching, instead employing an all-IP network. Thus, 4G ushered in a treatment of voice calls just like any other type of streaming audio media, utilizing packet switching over internet, LAN or WAN networks via VoIP.<ref>NA. (2008, 08 23). 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G - The Evolution of Wireless Generations. Retrieved from Support.Chinavision:<i> https://support.chinavasion.com/index.php?/Knowledgebase/Article/View/284/42/1g-2g-3g-4g---the-evolution-of-wireless-generations</i></ref></p>

   <p>5G – Unlicensed Spectrum: a 5G network has three main advantages over its predecessor:</p>

   <p><b>5G – Unlicensed Spectrum: </b>a 5G network has three main advantages over its predecessor:</p>

      

      

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   <h2>Technology Brief</h2>

   <h2>Technology Brief</h2>

 

   <p>Much like current cellular networks, 5G divides a territory into small sectors in which devices connect to cell sites. These cell sites are then able to transmit encrypted data through the use of radio waves. Where 5G differs from its predecessor is in its ability to transmit these radio waves at much higher frequencies – which translates into faster data speeds, even faster than current fibre network speeds, which are 1Gbps. This minimal disruption has already seen real world application when Sprint released a similar feature with its LAA technology. In the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum, these frequencies are between 30 and 300 GHz.</p>

   <p>Much like current cellular networks, 5G divides a territory into small sectors in which devices connect to cell sites. These cell sites are then able to transmit encrypted data through the use of radio waves. Where 5G differs from its predecessor is in its ability to transmit these radio waves at much higher frequencies – which translates into faster data speeds, even faster than current fibre network speeds, which are 1Gbps. This minimal disruption has already seen real world application when Sprint released a similar feature with its LAA technology. In the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum, these frequencies are between 30 and 300 GHz.</p>

<p>There are two sets of frequencies being approved by the United States’ Federal Communications Commission (FCC). “Low-band 5G” and “Mid-band 5G” use frequencies from 600 MHz to 6 GHz, especially 3.5-4.2 GHz. Mid-Band waves will likely not affect existing wireless support hardware very much. Although there will be a need for boosters to avoid a lot of signal attenuation, mmWave will completely disrupt wireless technologies – requiring a whole new system of antennas, cabling, and amplifiers.</p>

<p>There are two sets of frequencies being approved by the United States’ Federal Communications Commission (FCC). “Low-band 5G” and “Mid-band 5G” use frequencies from 600 MHz to 6 GHz, especially 3.5-4.2 GHz. Mid-Band waves will likely not affect existing wireless support hardware very much. Although there will be a need for boosters to avoid a lot of signal attenuation, mmWave will completely disrupt wireless technologies – requiring a whole new system of antennas, cabling, and amplifiers.</p>