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<p class="expand mw-collapsible-content">Lastly, Kubernetes has a means of self-healing. When Kubernetes receives a desired state configuration, it does not simply take actions to make the current state match the desired state at a single time, but it will continuously take actions to ensure it stays that way as time passes by<ref>Jayanandana, Nilesh. (May 2nd, 2018). Benefits of Kubernetes. Medium Newspaper. Retrieved 16-May-2019 from: <i>[https://medium.com/platformer-blog/benefits-of-kubernetes-e6d5de39bc48]</i></ref>. </p>
<p class="expand mw-collapsible-content">Lastly, Kubernetes has a means of self-healing. When Kubernetes receives a desired state configuration, it does not simply take actions to make the current state match the desired state at a single time, but it will continuously take actions to ensure it stays that way as time passes by<ref>Jayanandana, Nilesh. (May 2nd, 2018). Benefits of Kubernetes. Medium Newspaper. Retrieved 16-May-2019 from: <i>[https://medium.com/platformer-blog/benefits-of-kubernetes-e6d5de39bc48]</i></ref>. </p>
<h4>Challenges</h4>
<h4>Challenges</h4>
<p>The greatest challenge in regards to Kubernetes is its complexity. However, security, storage and networking, maturity, and competing enterprise transformation priorities are also challenges facing the Kubernetes technology.</p><br><b>Kubernetes Complexity and Analyst Experience</b>
<p>The greatest challenge in regards to Kubernetes is its complexity. However, security, storage and networking, maturity, and competing enterprise transformation priorities are also challenges facing the Kubernetes technology.</p>
<p>There is the challenge of a lack of organizational and analyst experience with container management and in using Kubernetes. Managing, updating, and changing a Kubernetes cluster can be operationally complex, more so if the analysts have a lack of experience. The system itself does provide a solid base of infrastructure for a Platform as a Service (PaaS) framework, which can reduce the complexity for developers. However, testing within a Kubernetes environment is still a complex task. Although its use cases in testing are well noted, testing several moving parts of an infrastructure to determine proper application functionality is still a more difficult endeavour <ref>Clayton, T. and Watson, R. (2018). Using Kubernetes to Orchestrate Container-Based Cloud and Microservices Applications. [online] Gartner.com. Available at: <i>[https://www.gartner.com/doc/3873073/using-kubernetes-orchestrate-containerbased-cloud]</i></ref>. This means a lot of new learning will be needed for operations teams developing and managing Kubernetes infrastructure. The larger the company, the more likely the Kubernetes user is to face container challenges<ref>Williams, Alex, et al. Kubernetes Deployment & Security Patterns. The New Stack. 2019. 20180622. thenewstack.io. Retrieved 15-May-2019 from: <i>[https://thenewstack.io/ebooks/kubernetes/kubernetes-deployment-and-security-patterns/]</i></ref>. </p><br><b>Security</b>
<p><b>Kubernetes Complexity and Analyst Experience</b></p>
<p>In a distributed, highly scalable environment, traditional and typical security patterns will not cover all threats. Security will have to be aligned for containers and in the context of Kubernetes. It is critical for operations teams to understand Kubernetes security in terms of containers, deployment, and network security. Security perimeters are porous, containers must be secured at the node level, but also through the image and registry. Security practices in the context of various deployment models will be a persistent challenge<ref>Williams, Alex, et al. Kubernetes Deployment & Security Patterns. The New Stack. 2019. 20180622. thenewstack.io. Retrieved 15-May-2019 from: <i>[https://thenewstack.io/ebooks/kubernetes/kubernetes-deployment-and-security-patterns/]</i></ref>. </p><br><b>Storage & Networking</b>
<p>There is the challenge of a lack of organizational and analyst experience with container management and in using Kubernetes. Managing, updating, and changing a Kubernetes cluster can be operationally complex, more so if the analysts have a lack of experience. The system itself does provide a solid base of infrastructure for a Platform as a Service (PaaS) framework, which can reduce the complexity for developers. However, testing within a Kubernetes environment is still a complex task. Although its use cases in testing are well noted, testing several moving parts of an infrastructure to determine proper application functionality is still a more difficult endeavour <ref>Clayton, T. and Watson, R. (2018). Using Kubernetes to Orchestrate Container-Based Cloud and Microservices Applications. [online] Gartner.com. Available at: <i>[https://www.gartner.com/doc/3873073/using-kubernetes-orchestrate-containerbased-cloud]</i></ref>. This means a lot of new learning will be needed for operations teams developing and managing Kubernetes infrastructure. The larger the company, the more likely the Kubernetes user is to face container challenges<ref>Williams, Alex, et al. Kubernetes Deployment & Security Patterns. The New Stack. 2019. 20180622. thenewstack.io. Retrieved 15-May-2019 from: <i>[https://thenewstack.io/ebooks/kubernetes/kubernetes-deployment-and-security-patterns/]</i></ref>. </p>
<p><b>Security</b></p>
<p>In a distributed, highly scalable environment, traditional and typical security patterns will not cover all threats. Security will have to be aligned for containers and in the context of Kubernetes. It is critical for operations teams to understand Kubernetes security in terms of containers, deployment, and network security. Security perimeters are porous, containers must be secured at the node level, but also through the image and registry. Security practices in the context of various deployment models will be a persistent challenge<ref>Williams, Alex, et al. Kubernetes Deployment & Security Patterns. The New Stack. 2019. 20180622. thenewstack.io. Retrieved 15-May-2019 from: <i>[https://thenewstack.io/ebooks/kubernetes/kubernetes-deployment-and-security-patterns/]</i></ref>. </p>
<p><b>Storage & Networking</b></p>
<p>Storage and networking technologies are pillars of data center infrastructure, but were designed originally for client/server and virtualized environments. Container technologies are leading companies to rethink how storage and networking technologies function and operate<ref>Williams, Alex, et al. Kubernetes Deployment & Security Patterns. The New Stack. 2019. 20180622. thenewstack.io. Retrieved 15-May-2019 from: <i>[https://thenewstack.io/ebooks/kubernetes/kubernetes-deployment-and-security-patterns/]</i></ref>. Architectures are becoming more application-oriented and storage does not necessarily live on the same machine as the application or its services. Larger companies tend to run more containers, and to do so in scaled-out production environments requires new approaches to infrastructure<ref>Williams, Alex, et al. Kubernetes Deployment & Security Patterns. The New Stack. 2019. 20180622. thenewstack.io. Retrieved 15-May-2019 from: <i>[https://thenewstack.io/ebooks/kubernetes/kubernetes-deployment-and-security-patterns/]</i></ref>. </p>
<p>Storage and networking technologies are pillars of data center infrastructure, but were designed originally for client/server and virtualized environments. Container technologies are leading companies to rethink how storage and networking technologies function and operate<ref>Williams, Alex, et al. Kubernetes Deployment & Security Patterns. The New Stack. 2019. 20180622. thenewstack.io. Retrieved 15-May-2019 from: <i>[https://thenewstack.io/ebooks/kubernetes/kubernetes-deployment-and-security-patterns/]</i></ref>. Architectures are becoming more application-oriented and storage does not necessarily live on the same machine as the application or its services. Larger companies tend to run more containers, and to do so in scaled-out production environments requires new approaches to infrastructure<ref>Williams, Alex, et al. Kubernetes Deployment & Security Patterns. The New Stack. 2019. 20180622. thenewstack.io. Retrieved 15-May-2019 from: <i>[https://thenewstack.io/ebooks/kubernetes/kubernetes-deployment-and-security-patterns/]</i></ref>. </p>
<p>Some legacy systems can run containers and only sometimes can VMs can be replaced by containers. There may be significant engineering consequences to existing legacy systems if containerization and Kubernetes is implemented in a legacy system not designed to handle that change. Some Legacy systems may require refactoring and making it more suitable for containerization. Some pieces of a system may be able to be broken off and containerized. In general, anything facing the internet should be run in containers.</p><br><b>Maturity</b>
<p>Some legacy systems can run containers and only sometimes can VMs can be replaced by containers. There may be significant engineering consequences to existing legacy systems if containerization and Kubernetes is implemented in a legacy system not designed to handle that change. Some Legacy systems may require refactoring and making it more suitable for containerization. Some pieces of a system may be able to be broken off and containerized. In general, anything facing the internet should be run in containers.</p>
<p><b>Maturity</b></p>
<p>Kubernetes maturity as a technology is still being tested by organizations. For now, Kubernetes is the market leader and the standardized means of orchestrating containers and deploying distributed applications. Google is the primary commercial organization behind Kubernetes; however they do not support Kubernetes as a software product. It offers a commercial managed Kubernetes service known as GKE but not as a software. This can be viewed as both a strength and a weakness. Without commercialization, the user is granted more flexibility with how Kubernetes can be implemented in their infrastructure; However, without a concrete set of standards of the services that Kubernetes can offer, there is a risk that Google’s continuous support cannot be guaranteed. Its donation of Kubernetes code and intellectual property to the Cloud Native Computing Foundation does minimize this risk since there is still an organization enforcing the proper standards and verifying services Kubernetes can offer moving forward <ref>Clayton, T. and Watson, R. (2018). Using Kubernetes to Orchestrate Container-Based Cloud and Microservices Applications. [online] Gartner.com. Available at: <i>[https://www.gartner.com/doc/3873073/using-kubernetes-orchestrate-containerbased-cloud]</i></ref>. It is also important to note that the organizational challenges that Kubernetes users face have been more dependent on the size of the organization using it.</p>
<p>Kubernetes maturity as a technology is still being tested by organizations. For now, Kubernetes is the market leader and the standardized means of orchestrating containers and deploying distributed applications. Google is the primary commercial organization behind Kubernetes; however they do not support Kubernetes as a software product. It offers a commercial managed Kubernetes service known as GKE but not as a software. This can be viewed as both a strength and a weakness. Without commercialization, the user is granted more flexibility with how Kubernetes can be implemented in their infrastructure; However, without a concrete set of standards of the services that Kubernetes can offer, there is a risk that Google’s continuous support cannot be guaranteed. Its donation of Kubernetes code and intellectual property to the Cloud Native Computing Foundation does minimize this risk since there is still an organization enforcing the proper standards and verifying services Kubernetes can offer moving forward <ref>Clayton, T. and Watson, R. (2018). Using Kubernetes to Orchestrate Container-Based Cloud and Microservices Applications. [online] Gartner.com. Available at: <i>[https://www.gartner.com/doc/3873073/using-kubernetes-orchestrate-containerbased-cloud]</i></ref>. It is also important to note that the organizational challenges that Kubernetes users face have been more dependent on the size of the organization using it.</p>
<p>Kubernetes faces competition from other scheduler and orchestrator technologies, such as Docker Swarm and Mesosphere DC/OS. While Kubernetes is sometimes used to manage Docker containers, it also competes with the native clustering capabilities of Docker Swarm<ref>Rouse, Margaret, et al. (August 2017). Kubernetes. TechTarget Inc. 2019. Retrieved 16-May-2019 from: <i>[https://searchitoperations.techtarget.com/definition/Google-Kubernetes]</i></ref>. However, Kubernetes can be run on a public cloud service or on-premises, is highly modular, open source, and has a vibrant community. Companies of all sizes are investing into it, and many cloud providers offer Kubernetes as a service<ref>Tsang, Daisy. (February 12th, 2018). Kubernetes vs. Docker: What Does It Really Mean? Sumo Logic. 2019. Retrieved 16-May-2019 from: <i>[https://www.sumologic.com/blog/kubernetes-vs-docker/ ]</i></ref>. </p><br><b class="expand mw-collapsible-content">Competing Enterprise Transformation Priorities</b>
<p>Kubernetes faces competition from other scheduler and orchestrator technologies, such as Docker Swarm and Mesosphere DC/OS. While Kubernetes is sometimes used to manage Docker containers, it also competes with the native clustering capabilities of Docker Swarm<ref>Rouse, Margaret, et al. (August 2017). Kubernetes. TechTarget Inc. 2019. Retrieved 16-May-2019 from: <i>[https://searchitoperations.techtarget.com/definition/Google-Kubernetes]</i></ref>. However, Kubernetes can be run on a public cloud service or on-premises, is highly modular, open source, and has a vibrant community. Companies of all sizes are investing into it, and many cloud providers offer Kubernetes as a service<ref>Tsang, Daisy. (February 12th, 2018). Kubernetes vs. Docker: What Does It Really Mean? Sumo Logic. 2019. Retrieved 16-May-2019 from: <i>[https://www.sumologic.com/blog/kubernetes-vs-docker/ ]</i></ref>. </p>
<p><b class="expand mw-collapsible-content">Competing Enterprise Transformation Priorities</b></p>
<p class="expand mw-collapsible-content">The last challenge facing Kubernetes initiative development and implementation is its place in an organization’s IT transformation priority list. Often there are many higher priority initiatives that can take president over Kubernetes projects.</p>
<p class="expand mw-collapsible-content">The last challenge facing Kubernetes initiative development and implementation is its place in an organization’s IT transformation priority list. Often there are many higher priority initiatives that can take president over Kubernetes projects.</p>
<h4>Considerations</h4>
<h4>Considerations</h4>
<b>Strategic Resourcing and Network Planning</b>
<b>Strategic Resourcing and Network Planning</b>
