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| | ! style="background: #969696; color: black" width="250px" scope="col" " | [[Zero Trust Security Architecture| Zero Trust Architecture]] | | ! style="background: #969696; color: black" width="250px" scope="col" " | [[Zero Trust Security Architecture| Zero Trust Architecture]] |
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| − | =Zero Trust Reference Archicture=
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| − | In order to achieve the target zero trust reference architecture, industry best practices, security controls and related whitepapers in alignment with zero trust principles have beentaken into consideration.
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| − | | |
| − | In an idealistic scenario, zero trust architecture can be split into three categories.
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| − | | |
| − | ===Define critical business goals===
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| − | *Identify the in scope applications and datatype
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| − | *Determine the protect surface (data,applications, devices, services, etc.)
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| − | *Identify the communication flows withinthe network including network flowsbetween applications, users and devices
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| − | *Define the business scope and requirements for the zero trust architecturewhile taking into consideration the threatlandscape
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| − | *Map the business scope and requirementsto zero trust goals
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| − | | |
| − | ===Bring building blocks together===
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| − | *Identify and prioritize the zero trust building blocks based on the business scopeand requirements
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| − | *Define use cases based on the zero trustprinciple.
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| − | *Map the defined use cases to theprioritized zero trust building blocks toensure comprehensive coverage
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| − | *Identify key security and technologycontrols required to achieve the zero trustarchitecture in alignment with the buildingblocks and business goals
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| − | | |
| − | ===Controls and boundaries===
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| − | *Leverage the building blocks and applicablesecurity/technology controls to architectthe architecture
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| − | *Segment the network based on datasensitivity and criticality
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| − | *Define micro perimeters around sensitivedata and resources
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| − | *Enforce micro perimeters with identifiedsecurity controls
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| − | *Limit and enforce access to microperimeters
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| − | *Validate the designed controls andboundaries against the business scope andrequirements
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| − | | |
| − | ==Zero Trust Pillars==
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| − | The following Zero Trust strategic pillars help in defining the key security capabilities to be considered for a Zero Trust Security model. These pillars have been used to derive the critical building blocks required to implement the ideal zero trust scenario.
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| − | | |
| − | {| class="wikitable"
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| − | !Pillar
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| − | !Examples
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| − | |-
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| − | |Users
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| − | |Identification and authentication, leas tprivilege access, two-factor authentication
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| − | |-
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| − | |User Devices
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| − | |User device identification and verification, user device management
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| − | |-
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| − | |Networks
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| − | |Isolation and protection of network devices and infrastructure
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| − | |-
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| − | |Resource Protection
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| − | |Protection of assets including data, applications and services
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| − | |-
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| − | |Continuous Monitoring
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| − | |Ongoing automated security event management and user behaviour analysis; real-time correlation, threat assessment and response
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| − | |}
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| − | [[File:ZTS Architecture Pillars.PNG|centre|frameless|1000x1000px]]
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| − | The pillars defined focus on Zero Trust not the Zero Trust Network Architecture as the Zero Trust Architecture includes ZTNA as a piece. Zero Trust Network Architecture (ZTNA) refers to a model of securing an organization’s systems and resources based on the Zero Trust principle of “Never Trust, Always verify”. The ZTNA approach includes a user/application model which required the verification of anything and everything trying to connect to systems before granting access as opposed to the old “protect the perimeter” approach.
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| − | | |
| − | ==Key Security Considerations==
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| − | The following are a subset of the key considerations for a Zero Trust Security policy. For the full list see page 9 of the [https://www.gcpedia.gc.ca/gcwiki/images/8/86/GC_Zero_Trust_Reference_Architecture.pdf Zero Trust Security Reference Architecture] document.
| |
| − | {| class="wikitable"
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| − | !Pillar
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| − | !Category
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| − | !Considerations
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| − | |-
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| − | |Users
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| − | |Access Control
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| − | |
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| − | * Implement fine-grained, least privilege access control
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| − | * Base access control decisions on multiple inputs (user authentication assurance level, user role/privileges, device authentication, device health/status, source environment, target resource, usage/behavioral patterns, etc.) – essentially Risk Adaptive Access Control
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| − | * Implement effective user account management procedures - add/update/remove user accounts when and as required
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| − | |-
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| − | |User Devices
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| − | |Managed Devices
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| − | |
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| − | * Maintain an up-to-date inventory of all user devices
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| − | | |
| − | * Assign each device with a verifiable unique identifier (e.g., device certificate)
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| − | | |
| − | * Keep the configuration/health of all managed user devices up-to-date using Mobile Device Management (MDM) solution
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| − | | |
| − | * Secure boot considerations
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| − | |-
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| − | |Resource Protection
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| − | |Data
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| − | |
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| − | * Identify and catalogue all data resources
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| − | | |
| − | * Label data to distinguish sensitive from non-sensitive data
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| − | | |
| − | * Encrypt sensitive data at rest
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| − | | |
| − | * Encrypt all end-to-end communication, regardless of source and destination locations (both internal and external)
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| − | | |
| − | * Data Loss Prevention (DLP)
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| − | |-
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| − | |Continuous Monitoring
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| − | |Security Visibility and Real-time Threat Protection
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| − | |
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| − | * Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)
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| − | | |
| − | * User Entity Behavior Analytics
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| − | | |
| − | * Traffic flow inspection and analysis
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| − | | |
| − | * Real-time correlation, assessment and response based on inputs from multiple sources (including data from automated monitoring tools)
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| − | |}
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| − | ==Use Cases==
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| − | {| class="wikitable"
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| − | !#
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| − | !Use case
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| − | !Description
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| − | |-
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| − | |1
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| − | |Authorized user access
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| − | |
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| − | An authorized user needs secure access to a corporate application/resource from anywhere (i.e.
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| − | | |
| − | outside the enterprise or within the enterprise) via a company managed device. The corporate
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| − | | |
| − | application can either be on premise or in the cloud.
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| − | |-
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| − | |2
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| − | |Administrator access through managed devices
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| − | |An administrator requires access to an enterprise resource to perform administrative tasks such as
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| − | application configuration, patching, infrastructure configuration changes, etc., via a managed
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| − | | |
| − | device.
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| − | |-
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| − | |3
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| − | |Authorized user access through unmanaged
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| − | devices
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| − | |The authorized user requires secure access to a corporate application/resource via an unmanaged device.
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| − | |-
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| − | |4
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| − | |Application to application communication
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| − | |Application to application access or inter server communication within the enterprise
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| − | |-
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| − | |5
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| − | |Inter-service communication (microservices)
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| − | |Service is initiating multiple calls to another services to perform activities such as read data, store user
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| − | information.
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| − | |-
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| − | |6
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| − | |Application Delivery Pipeline Security
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| − | |DevOps teams building cloud applications and interacting APIs.
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| − | |-
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| − | |7
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| − | |API Management
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| − | |The user/device/third party application API calls made to the Government of Canada applications
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| − | |-
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| − | |8
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| − | |On premise application to cloud
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| − | application/database or vice versa
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| − | |An on premise application requires access to a database hosted within the cloud environment
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| − | |-
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| − | |9
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| − | |Layer 7 Attacks Protection and Lateral Movement
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| − | Protection
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| − | |Prevent attacks and unauthorized lateral movement within the enterprise should a host asset or user be
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| − | compromised
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| − | |}
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| − | ==Next Steps==
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| − | * Development of an implementation roadmap to achieve a Zero Trust architecture
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| − | | |
| − | * Conduct workshop with all applicable stakeholders (e.g. CRA, ESDC, NRC, etc.) to validate building blocks and ensure alignment of the Zero Trust Reference Architecture with existing GC projects and initiatives
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| − | | |
| − | * Identification of technology and controls required to achieve the Zero Trust Reference Architecture use cases i.e. existing technology and controls at GC vs acquisition of new technology
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| − | | |
| − | * Prioritization of implementation activities based on factors such as risk, cost and feasibility
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| − | | |
| − | * Identify potential pathfinder departments to pilot Zero Trust
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| − | ==Architecture Diagrams==
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| − | [[File:ZTS HighLevel Holistic View.PNG|1000x1000px|alt=|thumb|High-level holistic view of ZTS|left]]
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| − | [[File:ZTS Application Access.PNG|thumb|1000x1000px|Application access target state|none]]
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| − | The above image is a view of an eventual target state in which security is enhanced, the user experience is greatly improved and costs and complexity are reduced.
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| − | | |
| − | [[File:ZTS Communication Diagram.PNG|none|thumb|1000x1000px|Inter-service communication]]
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| − | | |
| − | ==References==
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| − | [https://www.gcpedia.gc.ca/gcwiki/images/8/86/GC_Zero_Trust_Reference_Architecture.pdf GC Zero Trust Reference Architecture - DRAFT]
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| − | | |
| − | [https://www.gcpedia.gc.ca/gcwiki/images/c/c5/GC_Zero_Trust_Security_Concept.pdf Zero Trust Discussion Paper]
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