CGSB ONGC/003 0002 2019 ENG
Canadian General Standards Board
CAN/CGSB-3.2-2019 Heating Fuel Oil DRAFT STAGE 50.00
Supersedes CAN/CSGB-3.2-2017
Cette norme nationale du Canada est disponble en verisons française et anglaise.
ICS 75.160.20
Scope
This standard applies to three types of middle distillate fuel oils that are suitable for use in liquid-fuel-burning equipment without preheating (Types 0, 1 and 2), and three types of fuel oils that contain residual fuel components and require preheating (Types 4, 5 and 6).
The heating fuel oils covered by this standard are intended for use in oil burning equipment to generate heat for domestic and industrial purposes.
- Types 0, 1 and 2 fuel oils are primarily for use in domestic oil burning appliances. They may also be used for some industrial purposes.
- a) Type 0 fuel oil is intended for use in fuel domestic oil burning appliances that have outside storage and where ambient temperatures as low as -48°C could be encountered.
- b) Type 1 fuel oil is intended primarily for use in sleeve-type and wick-feed burners, excluding space heaters (see 9.1), and in most vaporizing pot-type burner applications. It is also intended for atomizing burners in which Type 2 fuel oil cannot be used satisfactorily. During periods of lower ambient temperature, Type 1 fuel oil may be used in place of Type 2 to minimize waxing problems.
- c) Type 2 fuel oil is a heavier distillate than Type 1 and is intended for use in most atomizing-type burner applications. This type of fuel oil is used in most domestic oil burning appliances and in some medium capacity commercial and industrial burners. Type 2 may contain up to 5% biodiesel (See Annex C ).
- a) Type 0 fuel oil is intended for use in fuel domestic oil burning appliances that have outside storage and where ambient temperatures as low as -48°C could be encountered.
- Types 4, 5 and 6 fuel oils are primarily for use as industrial fuels: suitable for use in the pulp and paper industry, metallurgical operations, heat or power generation, etc.
- a) Type 4 is an industrial fuel oil intended primarily for burner installations equipped with limited preheating facilities or with no preheating.
- b) Type 5 is a residual fuel oil for burner installations equipped with limited preheating facilities that require a fuel oil of lower viscosity than Type 6.
- c) Type 6 is a high-viscosity residual fuel oil for use in burners equipped with preheating facilities to handle such fuels.
- a) Type 4 is an industrial fuel oil intended primarily for burner installations equipped with limited preheating facilities or with no preheating.
Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this National Standard of Canada. The referenced documents may be obtained from the sources noted below.
- NOTE: The addresses provided below were valid at the date of publication of this standard.
An undated reference is to the latest edition or revision of the reference or document in question, unless otherwise specified by the authority applying this standard. A dated reference is to the specified revision or edition of the reference or document in question.
See Annex B for regulations that apply to heating fuel oil.
The testing and evaluation of a product against this standard may require the use of materials and/or equipment that could be hazardous. This document does not purport to address all the safety aspects associated with its use. Anyone using this standard has the responsibility to consult the appropriate authorities and to establish appropriate health and safety practices in conjunction with any applicable regulatory requirements prior to its use.
Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB)
- CAN/CGSB-3.0 – Methods of testing petroleum and associated products
- No. 28.8 – Visual haze rating of liquid fuels
- No. 28.8 – Visual haze rating of liquid fuels
- CAN/CGSB-3.524 — Biodiesel (B100) for blending in middle distillate fuel.
2.1.1 Source The above may be obtained from the Canadian General Standards Board, Sales Centre, Gatineau, Canada K1A 1G6. Telephone 819-956-0425 or 1-800-665-2472. Fax 819-956-5740. E-mail ncr.cgsb-ongc@tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca. Web site http://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/ongc-cgsb/index-eng.html.
It may also be obtained from the Government of Canada Publications, Publishing and Depository Services, Public Services and Procurement Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0S5. Telephone: 1-800-635-7943 or 613-941-5995. Fax 1-800-565-7757 or 613-954-5779. Email publications@tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca. Website: http://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/home.html.
Canadian Fuels Association
Weather Data.
2.2.1 Source Web site: http://www.canadianfuels.ca/Fuels-and-Transportation/Conventional-Transportation-Fuels/.
ASTM International
Annual Book of ASTM Standards (see Annex A ).
2.3.1 Source The above may be obtained from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, U.S.A., telephone 610-832-9585, fax 610-832-9555, Web site www.astm.org, or from IHS Markit, 200-1331 MacLeod Trail SE, Calgary, Alberta T2G 0K3, telephone 613-237‑4250 or 1‑800‑267‑8220, fax 613-237‑4251, Web site hhtp://www.global.ihs.com.
Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this National Standard of Canada, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
biodiesel
blendstock for middle distillate fuels comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable sources. In its neat form, biodiesel is commonly designated as B100 or fatty acid alkyl esters with fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) being the most common (see 6.25).
3.x
conventional hydrocarbons
petroleum-derived hydrocarbons from natural gas liquid condensates, crude oil, heavy oil, shale oil and oil sands, which are generally accompanied by lower levels of naturally occurring non-hydrocarbons.
3.2
operability temperature
lowest temperature at which the fuel oil is designed to provide satisfactory performance under the conditions of storage and use (see 6.23, 6.24 and 9.2).The 2.5 percentile low-end design temperature is the temperature at or below which 2.5% of the hourly outside air temperatures are observed to occur for an indicated half month. The 2.5% low-end design temperature for most weather stations in Canada by half month period is available on the Canadian Fuels Association Web site (see 2.2). This data is based upon a statistical analysis of hourly weather readings from weather stations across Canada over the thirty year period from 1981 to 2010 inclusive.
3.3
synthetic hydrocarbons
hydrocarbons derived from non-petroleum sources such as biomass, natural gas, coal, fats and oils by processes such as gasification, reforming, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, hydroprocessing or hydrocracking (including co-processing with petroleum).
3.y
2.5 percentile low-end design temperature
temperature at or below which 2.5% of the hourly outside air temperatures are observed to occur for an indicated half month. The 2.5% low-end design temperature for most weather stations in Canada by half month period is available on the Canadian Fuels Association Web site (see 2.2). This data is based upon a statistical analysis of hourly weather readings from weather stations across Canada over the thirty year period from 1981 to 2010 inclusive.
Classification
4.1
Heating fuel oils shall be supplied in the following types, as specified (see 8.1):
4.1.1 Types
- Type 0
- Type 1
- Type 2
- Type 4
- Type 5
- Type 6
General requirements
5.1 Unless otherwise allowed (see 5.4 and 6.17), the heating fuel oils shall consist of conventional hydrocarbons (i.e. petroleum-derived from natural gas liquid condensates, crude oil, heavy oil, shale oil and oil sands), synthetic hydrocarbons (see 9.13) or mixtures of conventional and synthetic hydrocarbons and may include naturally occurring non-hydrocarbons.
5.2 The heating fuel oils may contain additives designed to improve the characteristics or performance of the fuel oil. Additives include those that enhance low-temperature flow properties, storage life, static charge dissipation, water haze dissipation, lubricity and inhibit corrosion.
5.3 The heating fuel oils shall be a stable homogeneous liquid, free of foreign matter that is likely to clog filters or nozzles, or to damage equipment.
5.4 In Types 0, 1 and 2 fuel oils, there shall be no intentional addition of used lubricating oils, used solvents, triglycerides (such as raw vegetable oils, animal fats, fish oils or used cooking oils), or other fluids which are not normal components of the fuel. Types 4, 5 and 6 fuel oils may contain used lubricating oils or other fluids provided that the fuel oil is used in specifically designed equipment and the relevant authority approves their use.
5.5 The heating fuel oils shall remain undyed except when it is required for taxation purposes by provincial or territorial regulation.
Detailed requirements
Specified limiting values
6.1.1 The heating fuel oil shall comply with the specified limiting values. The specified limiting values shall not be changed. This precludes any allowances for the test method precision and for adding or subtracting digits.
6.1.2 For purposes of determining conformance with the specified limiting values, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limiting value, in accordance with the rounding-off method of ASTM E29. There are two exceptions (see 6.3 and 6.17).
6.1.3 If an alternate test method referenced in this standard provides a bias correction to the referee method, adherence to the specified limiting value shall be based on the bias-corrected result.
6.1.4 Where test values differ between two parties, a resolution shall be in accordance with ASTM 3244 in order to determine conformance with the specified limiting values, with the criticality of the limits set at P = 0.5.
6.1.5 Zeroes trailing the last nonzero digit for numbers represented with a decimal point are significant digits, in accordance with ASTM E29.
Test methods
6.2.1 Test methods other than those referenced in this standard may be used only if they have been validated in accordance with ASTM D3764 or D6708.
6.2.2 Validated test methods shall correlate with methods referenced in the standard. Differences in precision, sensitivity and bias between methods referenced in the standard and the validated methods shall be noted when using results from validated methods.
6.2.3 Validated test methods shall only be used within the bounds of the data covered in their validation.
6.2.4 In the event of a dispute, the procedures given in 6.1 shall be used.
6.2.5 If parties in a dispute cannot agree on an analytical method to resolve the dispute, the referee method listed in the standard shall be used.
| Specified limiting values | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Property | Limit | Type 0 | Type 1 | Type 2 | Type 4 | Type 5 | Type 6 | Test Method (ASTM) |
| 6.3 | Flash point, °C (see 6.19) | Min. | 40.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 54.0 | 54.0 | 60.0 | D93[1], D3828[2], D7049 |
| 6.4 Min. | Kinematic viscosity, at 40°C, mm2/s (cSt)[3] (see 6.25) | Min. | 1.20 | 1.30 | 1.70 | 5.5 | ― | ― | D445[1], D7042 or D7945 |
| 6.4 Max. | Kinematic viscosity, at 40°C, mm2/s (cSt)(see 6.25) | Max. | 2.00 | 2.50 | 3.60 | 24.0 | ― | ― | |
| 6.5 Min. | Kinematic viscosity, at 50°C, mm2/s (cSt) | Min. | ― | ― | ― | ― | 15 | 100. | D445[1] or D7042 |
| 6.5 Max. | Kinematic viscosity, at 50°C, mm2/s (cSt) | Max. | ― | ― | ― | ― | 100. | 650. | |
| 6.6 | Distillation (see 6.20) | D86[1], D2887, or D7345 | |||||||
| 6.6 a | 10% recovered, °C | Max. | ― | 215 | ― | ― | ― | ― | |
| 6.6 b | 90% recovered, °C | Max. | ― | 300. | 360. | ― | ― | ― | |
| 6.6 c | end point, °C | Max. | 300. | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | |
| 6.7 | Water and sediment, % by volume (see 6.21) | See below | |||||||
| 6.7 a | Types 1, 2& 3 | Max. | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | ― | ― | ― | D1796 [1],(modified) or D2709 |
| 6.7 b | Types 4, 5 & 6 | Max. | ― | ― | ― | 0.50 | 1.00 | 1.00 | D95[1], and D473 |
| 6.8 | Sulphur, % by mass (see 6.22 and 8.2) | Max. | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.50 | ― | ― | ― | D1266, D1552, D2622, D4294, D5453[1], or D7039 |
| 6.9 | Copper strip corrosion, 3 h at minimum test temperature of 50°C h (see 9.4) | Max. | No. 1 | No. 1 | No.1 | ― | ― | ― | D130 |
| 6.10 | Carbon residue on 10% bottoms, % by mass | Max. | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | ― | ― | ― | D524 or D4530[1], |
| 6.11 | Ash, % by mass | Max. | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.20 | D482 |
| 6.12 | Electrical conductivity, at point, time, and temperature of delivery to purchaser, pS/m (see 9.5) | Min. | 25 | 25 | 25 | ― | ― | ― | D2624 |
| 6.13 | Density, at 15°C, kg/m3 (kg/L ) | Max. | 840. (0.840) | 850. (0.850) | 900. (0.900) | ― | ― | ― | D1298, D4052[1], D7042 |
| 6.14 | Total sediment, % by mass | Max. | ― | ― | ― | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.20 | D4870 |
| 6.15 | Pour point, °C(see 6.23, 8.1 and 9.2) | Max. | -48 | Report | Report | ― | ― | ― | D97 or D5949[1], |
| Max. | ― | ― | ― | Report | ― | ― | D97 | ||
| 6.16 | Cloud point, °C (see 6.24 and 8.1) | Max. | -48 | Report | Report | ― | ― | ― | D2500 and D5773[1], |
| 6.17 Min. | Biodiesel, % by volume see 6.25 and Annex C) | Min. | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | D7371[1], or D7806 |
| 6.17 Max. | Biodiesel, % by volume see 6.25 and Annex C) | Max. | 0 | 0 | 5 | ― | ― | ― | D7371[1], or D7806 |
| 6.18 | Lubricity, micrometers, µm (see 9.13) | Max. | 520. | 520. | 520. | ― | ― | ― | D6079[1], or D7688 |
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 The referee method to be used in the event of a dispute.
- ↑ The results obtained by ASTM D3828 can be more than 2°C lower than those obtained by ASTM D93, the referee method.
- ↑ The SI unit for kinematic viscosity is the square metre per second. The preferred multiple for fluids in this viscosity range is the square millimetre per second, which is equivalent to a centiStokes (i.e. 1 mm2/s = 1 cSt).
Annex A Referenced ASTM International publications (see 2.3)
normative
Annual Book of ASTM Standards
D86 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D93 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D95 Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
D97 Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D130 Standard Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D445 Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D473 Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method
D482 Standard Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D524 Standard Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D1266 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
D1298 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
D1552 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by High Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detection or Thermal Conductivity Detection (TCD)
D1796 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
D2273 Standard Test Method for Trace Sediment in Lubricating Oils
D2500 Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels
D2622 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2624 Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels
D2709 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
D2887 Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
D3244 Standard Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
D3764 Standard Practice for Validation of the Performance of Process Stream Analyzer Systems
D3828 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester
D4052 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4294 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D4530 Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue (Micro Method)
D4865 Standard Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
D4870 Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sediment in Residual Fuels
D5453 Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D5773 Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Constant Cooling Rate Method)
D5854 Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D5949 Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)
D6079 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)
D6469 Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
D6708 Standard Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
D7039 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and Gasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D7042 Standard Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinetic Viscosity)
D7094 Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) Tester
D7345 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distillation Method)
D7371 Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
D7688 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) by Visual Observation
D7806 Standard Test Method for Determination of the Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Content of a Blend of Biodiesel and Petroleum-Based Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid-Infrared
Spectroscopy
D7945 Standard Test Method for Determination of Dynamic Viscosity and Derived Kinematic Viscosity of Liquids by Constant Pressure Viscometer
E29 Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications.
Annex A
Annex B (informative) Federal, provincial and other regulations applicable to heating oil
B.1 Federal regulations
B1.1 Canadian Environmental Protection Act The following federal regulations have been enacted under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act : B.1.1.1 Fuels Information Regulations, No. 1 (C.R.C. c. 407 amended by SOR/DORS/ 2000-104) These regulations require producers and importers to submit information on sulphur and additive contents (other than lead) of liquid fuels. B.1.1.2 Contaminated Fuel Regulations (SOR/DORS/91-486) These regulations prohibit the importation of fuels that have been contaminated with hazardous wastes. B.1.1.3 Renewable Fuels Regulations (SOR/DORS/2010-189) These regulations define the renewable fuel content requirements for gasoline, diesel and heating oil. B.1.2 The following federal regulations also apply to fuels meeting this standard: B.1.2.1 Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations (SOR/DORS/2001-286) These regulations, enacted under the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, 1992, give detailed packaging, labelling and documentation requirements for transporting fuels in Canada.
B.2 Provincial regulations
B.2.1 Ontario B.2.1.1 General requirements The general requirements are controlled under the Technical Standards and Safety Act, 2000, S.O. 2000, c. 16, approved by Order in Council, March 5, 2001. Under this Act, the Liquid Fuels Handling Code, August 2017, was published by the Technical Standards and Safety Authority. The Code lists product standards (in Appendix B where CAN/CGSB-3.2 is referenced), which include a 120-day period for any new standards or amendments to take effect. B.2.2 Quebec B.2.2.1 General requirements The general requirements are controlled under the latest version of the Loi sur les produits pétroliers, RLRQ., chapitre. P-30.01, r.2 or Petroleum Products Act, CQLR, chapter, P-30.01, Petroleum Products Regulation, CQLR, chapter P-30.01, r.2. . This regulation lists Quebec quality requirements for aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, automotive gasolines, gasolines containing denatured fuel ethanol for use in automotive spark ignition fuels, diesel fuels, diesel fuels containing biodiesel (B100) for blending in middle distillate fuels, fuel oil types 0, 1 and 2, and fuel oil types 4, 5 and 6. Amendments and editions published apply only 90 days after the last day of the month that the French text of the amendments or editions was published. The Direction générale des hydrocarbures et des biocombustibles of the ministère de l’Énergie et des Ressources naturelles is responsible for the application and revision of this regulation. Web site : https://mern.gouv.qc.ca/english/energy/index.jsp B2.2.2 Clean Air Regulation (CQLR c Q-2, r 4.1) This regulation references CAN/CGSB-3.2-2007 Heating Fuel Oil published in July 2007 by the Canadian General Standards Board, a dated reference. B.2.3 Manitoba B.2.3.1 Gas and Oil Burner Regulation (Man. Reg. 104/87 as amended by Man. Reg. 94/2018) This Regulation states: No person shall sell or deliver fuel oil for use within the province in a fuel oil burner used for heating purposes unless the fuel oil meets the requirements for the supply of fuel oil set forth in CSA B139-15, Installation Code for Oil-Burning Equipment, as amended from time to time. B.2.4 British Columbia B.2.4.1 Renewable and Low Carbon Fuel Requirements Regulation (B.C. Reg. 394/2008 as amended by B.C. reg. 320/2009 and B.C. reg. 379/2010) These regulations define the requirements for renewable fuels in British Columbia. The regulation is available online at http://www.bclaws.ca/EPLibraries/bclaws_new/document/ID/freeside/394_2008. B2.4.2 Spill Preparedness, Response and Recovery Regulation (B.C. Reg 185/2017) This regulation refers to heating fuel CAN/CGSB-3.2-2015 or as amended from time to time. B.2.5 Newfoundland and Labrador B.2.5.1 Heating oil Storage Tank System Regulations (NL Reg. 60/03 Amended by 103/03, 40/07, 17/09, 108/09, 90/10, 114/10, 71/11, 112/11) These regulations apply to all systems with a capacity of 2500 litres or less that are or were connected to a heating appliance and are or were being used for the storage of heating oil and the delivery of heating oil to a connected heating appliance. The regulation references CAN/CGSB-3.2-99, a dated reference.
B.3 Municipal regulations
B3.1 Montréal B3.3.1 By-Law 90, Montréal Urban Community 1987 (as amended in 1996, 1998, 2000 and 2001)
limits sulphur in light fuel oil (Types 0, 1, 2 and 4) to a maximum of 0.4% by mass, and in heavy fuel oil (Types 5 and 6) to a maximum of 1.25 to 1.4% by mass depending upon location of use.
http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/sel/sypre-consultation/afficherpdf?idDoc=7566&typeDoc=1
Annex C (Informative) Significance of requirements for Type 2 fuel oil containing 1 to 5% biodiesel
C.1 Introduction
C.1.1 The properties of commercial Type 2 fuel oil depend on the refining practices employed and the nature of the feedstocks from which they are produced. For example, Type 2 fuel oil produced within the boiling range of 130°- 400°C may have many possible combinations of various properties such as volatility, density and viscosity. C.1.2 Biodiesel typically has a narrow distillation range. It is normally produced by a reaction of a vegetable oil (such as soybean or canola oil), or an animal fat with an alcohol (such as methyl alcohol) in the presence of a catalyst. This reaction produces mono-alkyl esters and glycerol (glycerin). Most of the glycerol and excess alcohol are then removed from the biodiesel fuel component. C.1.3 Biodiesel is an oxygenate because it contains oxygen in the ester functional group. The polar nature of long-chain alkyl ester molecules, due to the ester functional group, accounts for the differences between certain properties of the biodiesel component and those of hydrocarbon diesel fuel. For example, esters (and alcohol impurities) have higher solubility for water that can raise conductivity and act as electrolytes, which can accelerate corrosion.
C.2 Type 2 fuel oil containing 1 to 5% biodiesel
C.2.1 CAN/CGSB-3.2 is intended as a statement of permissible limits of significant fuel properties used for specifying the wide variety of commercially available fuel oils. Limiting values of significant properties are prescribed. C.2.2 Type 2 fuel oil is primarily for use in domestic oil burning appliances. Type 2 fuel oil is a heavier distillate than Type 1 and is intended for use in most atomizing-type burner applications. This type of fuel oil is used in most domestic oil burning appliances and in some medium capacity commercial and industrial burners. Type 2 may contain up to 5% biodiesel. C.2.3 As Type 2 fuel oil may contain up to 5% biodiesel there are some relevant differences that should be considered as detailed below.
C.3 Blending and storage of Type 2 fuel oil containing 1 to 5% biodiesel
C.3.1 When blending biodiesel and Type 2 heating fuel oil, each should be at least 5°C above their respective cloud point to prevent precipitation of trace components from some biodiesels. Such precipitates might not re-dissolve, and can plug filters on fuel dispensers or equipment. The blend of the two components should also be homogeneous. C.3.2 “Splash blending” or sequential blending of components can result in heterogeneous (non-uniform) batches of product, resulting in some product having very high concentrations of biodiesel, and some product having little or none. C.3.3 Exercise caution if biodiesel fuel blends have experienced temperatures below -15°C as precipitates can occur in bulk storage.
C.4 Recommended practices for the storage and handling of low-level biodiesel fuel blends
C.4.1 Recommended practices for storage and blending with heating fuel oil to ensure precipitation does not occur in the finished fuel due to temperature, solubility, moisture and concentration effects are available as follows: C.4.1.1 Biodiesel Handling and Use Guide, Fourth edition 2009 NREL/TP-540-43672, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, available at http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/43672.pdf C.4.1.2 Guidelines for handling and blending FAME (CONCAWE report No. 9/09), available as a PDF at http://www.concawe.org C.4.2 Fuels should be stored under cool, clean, dry conditions. Free water should regularly be drained from storage tanks and filter housings. C.4.3 It is especially important to store biodiesel fuel blends under clean, dry and cool conditions. Biodiesel fuel blends are more susceptible to microbial attack. This risk can be reduced by good housekeeping and ensuring that storage tanks are regularly drained to keep them dry. For more information on microbial contamination, refer to ASTM D6469. C.4.4 Organic sediment can appear in fuels in long-term storage. Filtration is recommended prior to use. C.4.5 Where long-term storage of biodiesel fuel blends is contemplated, use of stability additives (e.g. anti-oxidants, metal deactivators and dispersants) should be considered. The fuel supplier should be consulted. C.4.6 Users of biodiesel fuel blends are advised to be cautious of storing blended fuel for an extended period of time. A good practice would be not to exceed six month’s storage. C.4.7 Fuel storage containers and tanks should be opaque. Some translucent (plastic) tanks exposed to light have proven to be unsatisfactory for the storage of fuels. C.4.8 Filter plugging problems – A number of contaminants in some biodiesels have relatively low solubility in heating fuel oil and can precipitate from fuel blends, sometimes in a non-reversible manner. This includes sterol glucosides and some saturated monoglycerides. Exposure to cold temperatures over time can accelerate this precipitation and the formation of larger agglomerates. These can settle in the bottom of storage tanks and plug filters.
CGSB & SCC Statement
CGSB Statement
The CANADIAN GENERAL STANDARDS BOARD (CGSB), under whose auspices this standard has been developed, is a government agency within Public Services and Procurement Canada. CGSB is engaged in the production of voluntary standards in a wide range of subject areas through the media of standards committees and the consensus process. The standards committees are composed of representatives of relevant interests including producers, consumers and other users, retailers, governments, educational institutions, technical, professional and trade societies, and research and testing organizations. Any given standard is developed on the consensus of views expressed by such representatives.
CGSB has been accredited by the Standards Council of Canada as a national standards-development organization. The standards that it develops and offers as National Standards of Canada conform to the criteria and procedures established for this purpose by the Standards Council of Canada. In addition to standards it publishes as National Standards of Canada, CGSB produces standards to meet particular needs, in response to requests from a variety of sources in both the public and private sectors. Both CGSB standards and CGSB national standards are developed in conformance with the policies described in the CGSB Policy and Procedures Manual for the Development and Maintenance of Standards.
CGSB standards are subject to review and revision to ensure that they keep abreast of technological progress. CGSB will initiate the review of this standard within five years of the date of publication. Suggestions for their improvement, which are always welcome, should be brought to the notice of the standards committees concerned. Changes to standards are issued either as separate amendment sheets or in new editions of standards.
An up-to-date listing of CGSB standards, including details on latest issues and amendments, and ordering instructions, is found in the CGSB Catalogue at our Web site — www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/ongc-cgsb along with more information about CGSB products and services.
Although the intended primary application of this standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the users of the standard to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.
The testing and evaluation of a product against this standard may require the use of materials and/or equipment that could be hazardous. This document does not purport to address all the safety aspects associated with its use. Anyone using this standard has the responsibility to consult the appropriate authorities and to establish appropriate health and safety practices in conjunction with any applicable regulatory requirements prior to its use. CGSB neither assumes nor accepts any responsibility for any injury or damage that may occur during or as the result of tests, wherever performed.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this Canadian standard may be the subject of patent rights. CGSB shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights is entirely their own responsibility.
Further information on CGSB and its services and standards may be obtained from:
The Manager Standards Division Canadian General Standards Board Gatineau, Canada K1A 1G6
Standards Council of Canada Statement
The Standards Council of Canada (SCC) is the coordinating body of the Canadian standardization network, which is composed of people and organizations involved in the development, promotion and implementation of standards. Through the collaborative efforts of Canadian standardization network members, standardization is helping to advance the social and economic well-being of Canada and to safeguard the health and safety of Canadians. The network’s efforts are overseen by SCC. The principal objectives of SCC are to foster and promote voluntary standardization as a means of advancing the national economy, supporting sustainable development, benefiting the health, safety and welfare of workers and the public, assisting and protecting the consumer, facilitating domestic and international trade, and furthering international cooperation in relation to standardization.
An important facet of the Canadian standards development system is the use of the following principles: consensus; equal access and effective participation by concerned interests; respect for diverse interests and identification of those who should be afforded access to provide the needed balance of interests; mechanism for dispute resolution; openness and transparency; open access by interested parties to the procedures guiding the standards development process; clarity with respect to the processes; and Canadian interest consideration as the initial basis for the development of standards. A National Standard of Canada (NSC) is a standard prepared or reviewed by an SCC-accredited SDO and approved by the SCC according to NSC approval requirements. Approval does not refer to the technical content of the standard, as this remains the responsibility of the SDO. An NSC reflects a consensus of a number of capable individuals whose collective interests provide, to the greatest practicable extent, a balance of representation of general interests, producers, regulators, users (including consumers) and others with relevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject at hand. NSCs are intended to make a significant and timely contribution to the Canadian interest.
Those who have a need to apply standards are encouraged to use NSCs. These standards are subject to periodic review. Users of NSCs are cautioned to obtain the latest edition from the SDO that publishes the standard.
The responsibility for approving standards as NSCs rests with:
Standards Council of Canada 270 Albert Street, Suite 200 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6N7, CANADA
How to order CGSB publications:
by telephone — 819-956-0425 or 1-800-665-2472
by fax — 819-956-5740
by mail — CGSB Sales Centre
Gatineau, Canada
K1A 1G6
in person Place du Portage
Phase III, 6B1
11 Laurier Street
Gatineau, Quebec
by e-mail — ncr.cgsb-ongc@tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca
on the Web — http://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/ongc-cgsb