Difference between revisions of "GC Enterprise Architecture/Framework"

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{{OCIO_GCEA_Header}}<span lang="fr" dir="ltr">22 octobre 2020 revision</span>
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{{OCIO_GCEA_Header}}22 octobre 2020 revision
  
== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Enterprise Architecture Framework purpose:</span> ==
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== Enterprise Architecture Framework purpose: ==
<span lang="en" dir="ltr">The EA Framework is the criteria used by the Government of Canada enterprise architecture review board and departmental architecture review boards when reviewing digital initiatives to ensure their alignment with enterprise architectures across business, information, application, technology and security domains to support strategic outcomes. The EA Framework take effect on December 1, 2020 and is a replacement of Appendix A, Mandatory Procedures for Enterprise Architecture Assessment. from the Directive on Service and Digital.</span>
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The EA Framework is the criteria used by the Government of Canada enterprise architecture review board and departmental architecture review boards when reviewing digital initiatives to ensure their alignment with enterprise architectures across business, information, application, technology and security domains to support strategic outcomes. The EA Framework take effect on December 1, 2020 and is a replacement of Appendix A, Mandatory Procedures for Enterprise Architecture Assessment. from the Directive on Service and Digital.
  
<span lang="en" dir="ltr">Enterprise Architecture Framework provide details on the requirements set out in the following sections of the Policy and Directive on Service and Digital.</span>
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Enterprise Architecture Framework provide details on the requirements set out in the following sections of the Policy and Directive on Service and Digital.
  
<span lang="en" dir="ltr">4.1.2.3 of the Policy on Service and Digital. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) of Canada is responsible for: Prescribing expectations with regard to enterprise architecture.</span>
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4.1.2.3 of the Policy on Service and Digital. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) of Canada is responsible for: Prescribing expectations with regard to enterprise architecture.
  
<span lang="en" dir="ltr">4.1.2.4 of the Policy on Service and Digital. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) of Canada is responsible for: Establishing and chairing an enterprise architecture review board that is mandated to define current and target architecture standards for the Government of Canada and review departmental proposals for alignment.</span>
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4.1.2.4 of the Policy on Service and Digital. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) of Canada is responsible for: Establishing and chairing an enterprise architecture review board that is mandated to define current and target architecture standards for the Government of Canada and review departmental proposals for alignment.
  
<span lang="en" dir="ltr">4.1.1.1 of the Directive on Service and Digital. The departmental Chief Information Officer (CIO) is responsible for: Chairing a departmental architecture review board that is mandated to review and approve the architecture of all departmental digital initiatives and ensure their alignment with enterprise architectures.</span>
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4.1.1.1 of the Directive on Service and Digital. The departmental Chief Information Officer (CIO) is responsible for: Chairing a departmental architecture review board that is mandated to review and approve the architecture of all departmental digital initiatives and ensure their alignment with enterprise architectures.
  
== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Enterprise Architecture definition</span> ==
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== Enterprise Architecture definition ==
<span lang="en" dir="ltr">Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a conceptual blueprint that defines the structure and operation of an organization considering and aligning business, information, application, technology, and security domains to support strategic outcomes.  </span>
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Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a conceptual blueprint that defines the structure and operation of an organization considering and aligning business, information, application, technology, and security domains to support strategic outcomes.  
  
== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Business Architecture</span> ==
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== Business Architecture ==
<span lang="en" dir="ltr">Business architecture is a critical aspect for the successful implementation of the GC Enterprise Ecosystem Target Architecture.  The architectural strategy advocates whole-of-government approach where IT is aligned to business services and solutions are based on re-useable components implementing business capabilities in order to deliver a cohesive user experience.   As such, it is essential that business services, stakeholder needs, opportunities to improve cohesion and opportunities for re-use across government be clearly understood.   In the past these elements have not been a priority.  It is expected that the IT culture and practices will have to change to make business architecture, in general, and these elements a primary focus.</span>
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Business architecture is a critical aspect for the successful implementation of the GC Enterprise Ecosystem Target Architecture.  The architectural strategy advocates whole-of-government approach where IT is aligned to business services and solutions are based on re-useable components implementing business capabilities in order to deliver a cohesive user experience.   As such, it is essential that business services, stakeholder needs, opportunities to improve cohesion and opportunities for re-use across government be clearly understood.   In the past these elements have not been a priority.  It is expected that the IT culture and practices will have to change to make business architecture, in general, and these elements a primary focus.
  
=== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Design services digitally from end-to-end to meet the Government of Canada users and other stakeholder's needs</span> ===
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=== Design services digitally from end-to-end to meet the Government of Canada users and other stakeholder's needs ===
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Clearly identify internal and external users and other stakeholders and their needs for each policy, program and business service</span>
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* Clearly identify internal and external users and other stakeholders and their needs for each policy, program and business service
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Include policy requirement applying to specific users and other stakeholder groups, such as accessibilities, gender based+ analysis, and official languages in the creation of the service</span>
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* Include policy requirement applying to specific users and other stakeholder groups, such as accessibilities, gender based+ analysis, and official languages in the creation of the service
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Perform Algorithmic Impact Assessment (AIA) to support risk mitigation activities when deploying an automated decision system as per Directive on Automated Decision Making</span>
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* Perform Algorithmic Impact Assessment (AIA) to support risk mitigation activities when deploying an automated decision system as per Directive on Automated Decision Making
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Model end-to-end business service delivery to provide quality, maximize effectiveness and optimize efficiencies across all channels (e.g lean process)</span>
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* Model end-to-end business service delivery to provide quality, maximize effectiveness and optimize efficiencies across all channels (e.g lean process)
  
=== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Architect to be Outcome Driven and Strategically Aligned to the Department and to the Government of Canada</span> ===
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=== Architect to be Outcome Driven and Strategically Aligned to the Department and to the Government of Canada ===
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Identify which departmental/GC business services, outcomes and strategies will be addressed</span>
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* Identify which departmental/GC business services, outcomes and strategies will be addressed
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Establish metrics for identified business outcomes throughout the lifecycle of an investment</span>
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* Establish metrics for identified business outcomes throughout the lifecycle of an investment
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Translate business outcomes and strategy into business capability implications in the GC Business Capability Model to establish a common vocabulary between business, development, and operation</span>
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* Translate business outcomes and strategy into business capability implications in the GC Business Capability Model to establish a common vocabulary between business, development, and operation
  
=== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Promote Horizontal Enablement of the Enterprise</span> ===
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=== Promote Horizontal Enablement of the Enterprise ===
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Identify opportunities to enable business services horizontally across the GC enterprise and to provide cohesive experience to users and other stakeholders</span>
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* Identify opportunities to enable business services horizontally across the GC enterprise and to provide cohesive experience to users and other stakeholders
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reuse common business capabilities, processes and enterprise solutions from across government and private sector</span>
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* Reuse common business capabilities, processes and enterprise solutions from across government and private sector
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Publish in the open all reusable common business capabilities, processes and enterprise solutions for others to develop and leverage cohesive horizontal enterprise services</span>
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* Publish in the open all reusable common business capabilities, processes and enterprise solutions for others to develop and leverage cohesive horizontal enterprise services
  
== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Information Architecture</span> ==
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== Information Architecture ==
<span lang="en" dir="ltr">Information architecture best practices and principles aim to support the needs of a business service and business capability orientation. To facilitate effective sharing of data and information across Government, information architectures should be designed to reflect a consistent approach to data, such as the adoption of federal and international standards. Information architecture should also reflect responsible data management, information management and governance practices, including the source, quality, interoperability, and associated legal and policy obligations related to the data assets. Information architectures should also distinguish between personal and non-personal data and information, as the collection, use, sharing (disclosure), and management of personal information must respect the requirements of the ''Privacy Act'' and its related policies.</span>
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Information architecture best practices and principles aim to support the needs of a business service and business capability orientation. To facilitate effective sharing of data and information across Government, information architectures should be designed to reflect a consistent approach to data, such as the adoption of federal and international standards. Information architecture should also reflect responsible data management, information management and governance practices, including the source, quality, interoperability, and associated legal and policy obligations related to the data assets. Information architectures should also distinguish between personal and non-personal data and information, as the collection, use, sharing (disclosure), and management of personal information must respect the requirements of the ''Privacy Act'' and its related policies.  
  
=== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Collect data to address the needs of the users and other stakeholders</span> ===
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=== Collect data to address the needs of the users and other stakeholders ===
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Assess data requirements-based program objectives, as well users, business and stakeholder needs</span>
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* Assess data requirements-based program objectives, as well users, business and stakeholder needs
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Collect only the minimum set of data needed to support a policy, program, or service</span>
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* Collect only the minimum set of data needed to support a policy, program, or service
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reuse existing data assets and only acquire new data if required</span>
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* Reuse existing data assets and only acquire new data if required
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Ensure data collected, including from third party sources, are of high quality</span>
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* Ensure data collected, including from third party sources, are of high quality
  
=== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Manage and re-use data strategically and responsibly</span> ===
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=== Manage and re-use data strategically and responsibly ===
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Define and establish clear roles, responsibilities, and accountabilities for data management</span>
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* Define and establish clear roles, responsibilities, and accountabilities for data management
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Identify and document the lineage of data assets</span>
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* Identify and document the lineage of data assets
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Define retention and disposition schedules in accordance with business value as well as applicable privacy and security policy and legislation</span>
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* Define retention and disposition schedules in accordance with business value as well as applicable privacy and security policy and legislation
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Ensure data are managed to enable interoperability, reuse and sharing to the greatest extent possible within and across departments in government to avoid duplication and maximize utility, while respecting security and privacy requirements</span>
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* Ensure data are managed to enable interoperability, reuse and sharing to the greatest extent possible within and across departments in government to avoid duplication and maximize utility, while respecting security and privacy requirements
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Contribute to and align with enterprise and international data taxonomy and classification structures to manage, store, search and retrieve data</span>
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* Contribute to and align with enterprise and international data taxonomy and classification structures to manage, store, search and retrieve data
  
=== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Use and share data openly in an ethical and secure manner</span> ===
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=== Use and share data openly in an ethical and secure manner ===
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Share data openly by default as per the Directive on Open Government and Digital Standards, while respecting security and privacy requirements. Data shared should adhere to existing enterprise and international standards, including on data quality and ethics.</span>
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* Share data openly by default as per the Directive on Open Government and Digital Standards, while respecting security and privacy requirements. Data shared should adhere to existing enterprise and international standards, including on data quality and ethics.  
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Ensure data formatting aligns to existing enterprise and international standards on interoperability. Where none exist, develop data standards in the open with key subject matter experts.</span>
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* Ensure data formatting aligns to existing enterprise and international standards on interoperability. Where none exist, develop data standards in the open with key subject matter experts.
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Ensure that combined data does not risk identification or re-identification of sensitive or personal information</span>
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* Ensure that combined data does not risk identification or re-identification of sensitive or personal information
  
=== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Design with privacy in mind for the collection, use and management of personal Information</span> ===
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=== Design with privacy in mind for the collection, use and management of personal Information ===
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Consult your institution’s ATIP Office, for assistance with the interpretation and application of the ''Privacy Act'' and its related policy instruments</span>
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* Consult your institution’s ATIP Office, for assistance with the interpretation and application of the ''Privacy Act'' and its related policy instruments
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Determine if the initiative will be collecting, using, disclosing, retaining sharing and disposing personal information</span>
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* Determine if the initiative will be collecting, using, disclosing, retaining sharing and disposing personal information
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Only collect personal information if it directly relates to the operation of the programs or activities</span>
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* Only collect personal information if it directly relates to the operation of the programs or activities
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Notify individuals of the purpose for collection at the point of collection by including a privacy notice</span>
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* Notify individuals of the purpose for collection at the point of collection by including a privacy notice
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Personal information should be, wherever possible, collected directly from individuals but can be from other sources where permitted by the Privacy Act</span>
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* Personal information should be, wherever possible, collected directly from individuals but can be from other sources where permitted by the Privacy Act  
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Personal information needs to be available to facilitate Canadians’ right of access to and correction of government records</span>
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* Personal information needs to be available to facilitate Canadians’ right of access to and correction of government records
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Design access controls into all processes and across all architectural layers from the earliest stages of design to limit the use and disclosure of personal information</span>
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* Design access controls into all processes and across all architectural layers from the earliest stages of design to limit the use and disclosure of personal information
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Design processes so personal information remains accurate, up-to-date and as complete as possible and can be corrected if required</span>
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* Design processes so personal information remains accurate, up-to-date and as complete as possible and can be corrected if required
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">De-identification techniques should be considered prior to sharing personal information</span>
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* De-identification techniques should be considered prior to sharing personal information
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">In collaboration with your ATIP officials, determine if a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) is required to identify and mitigate privacy risks for new or substantially modified programs that impact the privacy of individuals</span>
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* In collaboration with your ATIP officials, determine if a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) is required to identify and mitigate privacy risks for new or substantially modified programs that impact the privacy of individuals
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Establish procedures to identify and address privacy breaches so they can be reported quickly and responded to efficiently within your institution</span>
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* Establish procedures to identify and address privacy breaches so they can be reported quickly and responded to efficiently within your institution
  
== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Application Architecture</span> ==
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== Application Architecture ==
<span lang="en" dir="ltr">Application architecture practices must evolve significantly for the successful implementation of the GC Enterprise Ecosystem Target Architecture. Transitioning from legacy systems based on monolithic architectures to architectures that oriented around business services and based on re-useable components implementing business capabilities, is a major shift.   Interoperability becomes a key element, and the number of stakeholders that must be considered increases.</span>
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Application architecture practices must evolve significantly for the successful implementation of the GC Enterprise Ecosystem Target Architecture. Transitioning from legacy systems based on monolithic architectures to architectures that oriented around business services and based on re-useable components implementing business capabilities, is a major shift.   Interoperability becomes a key element, and the number of stakeholders that must be considered increases.  
  
=== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Use Open Source Solutions hosted in Public Cloud</span> ===
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=== Use Open Source Solutions hosted in Public Cloud ===
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Select existing solutions that can be reused over custom built</span>
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* Select existing solutions that can be reused over custom built
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Contribute all improvements back to the communities</span>
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* Contribute all improvements back to the communities
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Register Open Source software to the Open Resource Exchange</span>
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* Register Open Source software to the Open Resource Exchange
  
=== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Use Software as a Service (SaaS) hosted in Public Cloud</span> ===
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=== Use Software as a Service (SaaS) hosted in Public Cloud ===
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Choose SaaS that best fit for purpose based on alignment with SaaS capabilities</span>
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* Choose SaaS that best fit for purpose based on alignment with SaaS capabilities
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Choose a SaaS solution that is extendable</span>
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* Choose a SaaS solution that is extendable
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Configure SaaS and if customization is necessary extend as Open Source modules</span>
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* Configure SaaS and if customization is necessary extend as Open Source modules
  
=== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Design for Interoperability</span> ===
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=== Design for Interoperability ===
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Design systems as highly modular and loosely coupled services</span>
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* Design systems as highly modular and loosely coupled services
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Expose services, including existing ones, through APIs</span>
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* Expose services, including existing ones, through APIs
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Make the APIs discoverable to the appropriate stakeholders</span>
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* Make the APIs discoverable to the appropriate stakeholders
  
== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Technology Architecture</span> ==
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== Technology Architecture ==
<span lang="en" dir="ltr">Technology architecture is an important enabler of highly available and adaptable solutions that must be aligned with the chosen application architecture. Cloud adoption provides many potential advantages by mitigating the logistical constraints that often negatively impacted legacy solutions hosted “on premises”.  However, the application architecture must be able to enable these advantages.</span>
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Technology architecture is an important enabler of highly available and adaptable solutions that must be aligned with the chosen application architecture. Cloud adoption provides many potential advantages by mitigating the logistical constraints that often negatively impacted legacy solutions hosted “on premises”.  However, the application architecture must be able to enable these advantages.
  
=== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Use Cloud first</span> ===
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=== Use Cloud first ===
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Adopt the use of the GC Accelerators to ensure proper Security and Access Controls</span>
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* Adopt the use of the GC Accelerators to ensure proper Security and Access Controls
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Enforce this order of preference: Software as a Service (SaaS) first, then Platform as a Service (PaaS), and lastly Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)</span>
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* Enforce this order of preference: Software as a Service (SaaS) first, then Platform as a Service (PaaS), and lastly Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Fulfill Cloud Services through SSC Cloud Brokering Services</span>
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* Fulfill Cloud Services through SSC Cloud Brokering Services
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Enforce this order of preference: Public cloud first, then Hybrid cloud, then Private cloud, and lastly non-cloud (on-premises) solutions</span>
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* Enforce this order of preference: Public cloud first, then Hybrid cloud, then Private cloud, and lastly non-cloud (on-premises) solutions
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Design for cloud mobility and develop an exit strategy to avoid vendor lock-in</span>
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* Design for cloud mobility and develop an exit strategy to avoid vendor lock-in
  
=== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Design for Performance, Availability, and Scalability</span> ===
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=== Design for Performance, Availability, and Scalability ===
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Ensure response times meet user needs, and critical services are highly available</span>
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* Ensure response times meet user needs, and critical services are highly available
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Support zero-downtime deployments for planned and unplanned maintenance</span>
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* Support zero-downtime deployments for planned and unplanned maintenance
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Use distributed architectures, assume failure will happen, handle errors gracefully, and monitor performance and behaviour actively</span>
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* Use distributed architectures, assume failure will happen, handle errors gracefully, and monitor performance and behaviour actively
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Establish architectures that supports new technology insertion with minimal disruption to existing programs and services</span>
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* Establish architectures that supports new technology insertion with minimal disruption to existing programs and services
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Control Technical Diversity - design systems based on modern technologies and platforms already in use.</span>
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* Control Technical Diversity - design systems based on modern technologies and platforms already in use.
  
=== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Follow DevSecOps Principles</span> ===
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=== Follow DevSecOps Principles ===
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Use continuous integration and continuous deployments (CI/CD)</span>
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* Use continuous integration and continuous deployments (CI/CD)
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Ensure automated testing occurs for security and functionality</span>
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* Ensure automated testing occurs for security and functionality
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Include your users and other stakeholders as part of DevSecOps process</span>
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* Include your users and other stakeholders as part of DevSecOps process
  
== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Security Architecture</span> ==
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== Security Architecture ==
<span lang="en" dir="ltr">The GC Enterprise Security Architecture (ESA) program is a government-wide initiative to provide a standardized approach to developing IT security architecture, ensuring that basic security blocks are implemented across the enterprise as the infrastructure is being renewed.</span>
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The GC Enterprise Security Architecture (ESA) program is a government-wide initiative to provide a standardized approach to developing IT security architecture, ensuring that basic security blocks are implemented across the enterprise as the infrastructure is being renewed.  
  
=== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Build Security into the System Life Cycle, Across All Architectural Layers</span> ===
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=== Build Security into the System Life Cycle, Across All Architectural Layers ===
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Identify and [https://www.gcpedia.gc.ca/wiki/Security_Categorization_Tool categorize] information based on the degree of injury that could be expected to result from a compromise of its confidentiality, integrity and availability.</span>
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* Identify and [https://www.gcpedia.gc.ca/wiki/Security_Categorization_Tool categorize] information based on the degree of injury that could be expected to result from a compromise of its confidentiality, integrity and availability.
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Implement a continuous security approach, in alignment with [https://cyber.gc.ca/en/guidance/it-security-risk-management-lifecycle-approach-itsg-33 CCCS’s IT Security Risk Management Framework.] Perform threat modelling to minimize the attack surface by limiting services exposed and information exchanged to the minimum necessary.</span>
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* Implement a continuous security approach, in alignment with [https://cyber.gc.ca/en/guidance/it-security-risk-management-lifecycle-approach-itsg-33 CCCS’s IT Security Risk Management Framework.] Perform threat modelling to minimize the attack surface by limiting services exposed and information exchanged to the minimum necessary.
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Apply proportionate security measures that address business and user needs while adequately protecting data at rest and data in transit.</span>
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* Apply proportionate security measures that address business and user needs while adequately protecting data at rest and data in transit.
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Design systems to be resilient and available in order to support service continuity.</span>
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* Design systems to be resilient and available in order to support service continuity.
  
=== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Ensure Secure Access to Systems and Services</span> ===
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=== Ensure Secure Access to Systems and Services ===
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Identify and authenticate individuals, processes and/or devices to an appropriate level of assurance, based on clearly defined roles, before granting access to information and services. Leverage enterprise services such as Government of Canada trusted digital identity solutions that are supported by the [https://github.com/canada-ca/PCTF-CCP Pan-Canadian Trust Framework]</span>
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* Identify and authenticate individuals, processes and/or devices to an appropriate level of assurance, based on clearly defined roles, before granting access to information and services. Leverage enterprise services such as Government of Canada trusted digital identity solutions that are supported by the [https://github.com/canada-ca/PCTF-CCP Pan-Canadian Trust Framework]
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Constrain service interfaces to authorized entities (users and devices), with clearly defined roles. Segment and separate information based on sensitivity of information, in alignment with [https://cyber.gc.ca/en/guidance/baseline-security-requirements-network-security-zones-government-canada-itsg-22 ITSG-22] and [https://cyber.gc.ca/en/guidance/network-security-zoning-design-considerations-placement-services-within-zones-itsg-38 ITSG-38]. Management interfaces may require increased levels of protection.</span>
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* Constrain service interfaces to authorized entities (users and devices), with clearly defined roles. Segment and separate information based on sensitivity of information, in alignment with [https://cyber.gc.ca/en/guidance/baseline-security-requirements-network-security-zones-government-canada-itsg-22 ITSG-22] and [https://cyber.gc.ca/en/guidance/network-security-zoning-design-considerations-placement-services-within-zones-itsg-38 ITSG-38]. Management interfaces may require increased levels of protection.
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Implement [https://www.canada.ca/en/government/system/digital-government/modern-emerging-technologies/policy-implementation-notices/implementing-https-secure-web-connections-itpin.html HTTPS] for secure web connections and [https://cyber.gc.ca/en/guidance/implementation-guidance-email-domain-protection DMARC] for enhanced email security.</span>
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* Implement [https://www.canada.ca/en/government/system/digital-government/modern-emerging-technologies/policy-implementation-notices/implementing-https-secure-web-connections-itpin.html HTTPS] for secure web connections and [https://cyber.gc.ca/en/guidance/implementation-guidance-email-domain-protection DMARC] for enhanced email security.
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Establish secure interconnections between systems through secure [https://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/pol/doc-eng.aspx?id=32604 APIs] or leveraging centrally managed Hybrid IT connectivity services</span>
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* Establish secure interconnections between systems through secure [https://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/pol/doc-eng.aspx?id=32604 APIs] or leveraging centrally managed Hybrid IT connectivity services
  
=== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Maintain Secure Operations</span> ===
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=== Maintain Secure Operations ===
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Establish processes to maintain visibility of assets and ensure the prompt application of security-related patches and updates in order to reduce exposure to vulnerabilities, in accordance with GC Patch Management Guidance.</span>
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* Establish processes to maintain visibility of assets and ensure the prompt application of security-related patches and updates in order to reduce exposure to vulnerabilities, in accordance with GC Patch Management Guidance.
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Enable event logging, in accordance with GC Event Logging Guidance, and perform monitoring of systems and services in order to detect, prevent, and respond to attacks.</span>
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* Enable event logging, in accordance with GC Event Logging Guidance, and perform monitoring of systems and services in order to detect, prevent, and respond to attacks.
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Establish an incident management plan in alignment with the [https://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/services/access-information-privacy/security-identity-management/government-canada-cyber-security-event-management-plan.html GC Cyber Security Event Management Plan (GC CSEMP)] and report incidents to the [https://cyber.gc.ca/en/contact-us Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS).]</span>
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* Establish an incident management plan in alignment with the [https://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/services/access-information-privacy/security-identity-management/government-canada-cyber-security-event-management-plan.html GC Cyber Security Event Management Plan (GC CSEMP)] and report incidents to the [https://cyber.gc.ca/en/contact-us Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS).]
  
== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Status</span> ==
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== Status ==
<span lang="en" dir="ltr">The EA Framework was presented at GC EARB on [https://gcconnex.gc.ca/file/view/67145496/gc-earb-2020-07-16-02-tbs-service-digital-target-enterprise-architecture-and-updates-to-the-ea-framework-pdf?language=en July 16th, 2020]. Additional feedback has been sought from the stakeholders by August 31st, 2020, before it will return to GC EARB for an endorsement on October 22, 2020.</span>
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The EA Framework was presented at GC EARB on [https://gcconnex.gc.ca/file/view/67145496/gc-earb-2020-07-16-02-tbs-service-digital-target-enterprise-architecture-and-updates-to-the-ea-framework-pdf?language=en July 16th, 2020]. Additional feedback has been sought from the stakeholders by August 31st, 2020, before it will return to GC EARB for an endorsement on October 22, 2020.
  
<span lang="en" dir="ltr">The EA Framework takes effect on December 1, 2020. (proposed)</span>
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The EA Framework takes effect on December 1, 2020. (proposed)
  
<span lang="en" dir="ltr">The EA Framework is a replacement of Appendix A. Mandatory Procedures for Enterprise Architecture Assessment. which will be rescinded.</span>
+
The EA Framework is a replacement of Appendix A. Mandatory Procedures for Enterprise Architecture Assessment. which will be rescinded.  
  
<span lang="en" dir="ltr">The EA Framework will be published on Canada.ca along with the target state architecture.</span>
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The EA Framework will be published on Canada.ca along with the target state architecture.  
  
<span lang="en" dir="ltr">Standards and Guidelines.</span>
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Standards and Guidelines.  
  
[https://www.canada.ca/en/government/system/digital-government/policies-standards.html <span lang="en" dir="ltr">https://www.canada.ca/en/government/system/digital-government/policies-standards.html</span>]
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https://www.canada.ca/en/government/system/digital-government/policies-standards.html  
  
== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">EA Framework Playbook</span> ==
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== EA Framework Playbook ==
<span lang="en" dir="ltr">Here is an [[GC Enterprise Architecture/Playbook#1. Business Architecture|archived version of the playbook]] that was developed for the original EA assessment Criteria. It will updated to align the updated EA Framework once it is approved at GC EARB.</span>
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Here is an [[GC Enterprise Architecture/Playbook#1. Business Architecture|archived version of the playbook]] that was developed for the original EA assessment Criteria. It will updated to align the updated EA Framework once it is approved at GC EARB.
  
 
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Revision as of 14:32, 21 October 2020

22 octobre 2020 revision

Enterprise Architecture Framework purpose:

The EA Framework is the criteria used by the Government of Canada enterprise architecture review board and departmental architecture review boards when reviewing digital initiatives to ensure their alignment with enterprise architectures across business, information, application, technology and security domains to support strategic outcomes. The EA Framework take effect on December 1, 2020 and is a replacement of Appendix A, Mandatory Procedures for Enterprise Architecture Assessment. from the Directive on Service and Digital.

Enterprise Architecture Framework provide details on the requirements set out in the following sections of the Policy and Directive on Service and Digital.

4.1.2.3 of the Policy on Service and Digital. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) of Canada is responsible for: Prescribing expectations with regard to enterprise architecture.

4.1.2.4 of the Policy on Service and Digital. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) of Canada is responsible for: Establishing and chairing an enterprise architecture review board that is mandated to define current and target architecture standards for the Government of Canada and review departmental proposals for alignment.

4.1.1.1 of the Directive on Service and Digital. The departmental Chief Information Officer (CIO) is responsible for: Chairing a departmental architecture review board that is mandated to review and approve the architecture of all departmental digital initiatives and ensure their alignment with enterprise architectures.

Enterprise Architecture definition

Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a conceptual blueprint that defines the structure and operation of an organization considering and aligning business, information, application, technology, and security domains to support strategic outcomes.  

Business Architecture

Business architecture is a critical aspect for the successful implementation of the GC Enterprise Ecosystem Target Architecture.  The architectural strategy advocates whole-of-government approach where IT is aligned to business services and solutions are based on re-useable components implementing business capabilities in order to deliver a cohesive user experience.   As such, it is essential that business services, stakeholder needs, opportunities to improve cohesion and opportunities for re-use across government be clearly understood.   In the past these elements have not been a priority.  It is expected that the IT culture and practices will have to change to make business architecture, in general, and these elements a primary focus.

Design services digitally from end-to-end to meet the Government of Canada users and other stakeholder's needs

  • Clearly identify internal and external users and other stakeholders and their needs for each policy, program and business service
  • Include policy requirement applying to specific users and other stakeholder groups, such as accessibilities, gender based+ analysis, and official languages in the creation of the service
  • Perform Algorithmic Impact Assessment (AIA) to support risk mitigation activities when deploying an automated decision system as per Directive on Automated Decision Making
  • Model end-to-end business service delivery to provide quality, maximize effectiveness and optimize efficiencies across all channels (e.g lean process)

Architect to be Outcome Driven and Strategically Aligned to the Department and to the Government of Canada

  • Identify which departmental/GC business services, outcomes and strategies will be addressed
  • Establish metrics for identified business outcomes throughout the lifecycle of an investment
  • Translate business outcomes and strategy into business capability implications in the GC Business Capability Model to establish a common vocabulary between business, development, and operation

Promote Horizontal Enablement of the Enterprise

  • Identify opportunities to enable business services horizontally across the GC enterprise and to provide cohesive experience to users and other stakeholders
  • Reuse common business capabilities, processes and enterprise solutions from across government and private sector
  • Publish in the open all reusable common business capabilities, processes and enterprise solutions for others to develop and leverage cohesive horizontal enterprise services

Information Architecture

Information architecture best practices and principles aim to support the needs of a business service and business capability orientation. To facilitate effective sharing of data and information across Government, information architectures should be designed to reflect a consistent approach to data, such as the adoption of federal and international standards. Information architecture should also reflect responsible data management, information management and governance practices, including the source, quality, interoperability, and associated legal and policy obligations related to the data assets. Information architectures should also distinguish between personal and non-personal data and information, as the collection, use, sharing (disclosure), and management of personal information must respect the requirements of the Privacy Act and its related policies.

Collect data to address the needs of the users and other stakeholders

  • Assess data requirements-based program objectives, as well users, business and stakeholder needs
  • Collect only the minimum set of data needed to support a policy, program, or service
  • Reuse existing data assets and only acquire new data if required
  • Ensure data collected, including from third party sources, are of high quality

Manage and re-use data strategically and responsibly

  • Define and establish clear roles, responsibilities, and accountabilities for data management
  • Identify and document the lineage of data assets
  • Define retention and disposition schedules in accordance with business value as well as applicable privacy and security policy and legislation
  • Ensure data are managed to enable interoperability, reuse and sharing to the greatest extent possible within and across departments in government to avoid duplication and maximize utility, while respecting security and privacy requirements
  • Contribute to and align with enterprise and international data taxonomy and classification structures to manage, store, search and retrieve data

Use and share data openly in an ethical and secure manner

  • Share data openly by default as per the Directive on Open Government and Digital Standards, while respecting security and privacy requirements. Data shared should adhere to existing enterprise and international standards, including on data quality and ethics.
  • Ensure data formatting aligns to existing enterprise and international standards on interoperability. Where none exist, develop data standards in the open with key subject matter experts.
  • Ensure that combined data does not risk identification or re-identification of sensitive or personal information

Design with privacy in mind for the collection, use and management of personal Information

  • Consult your institution’s ATIP Office, for assistance with the interpretation and application of the Privacy Act and its related policy instruments
  • Determine if the initiative will be collecting, using, disclosing, retaining sharing and disposing personal information
  • Only collect personal information if it directly relates to the operation of the programs or activities
  • Notify individuals of the purpose for collection at the point of collection by including a privacy notice
  • Personal information should be, wherever possible, collected directly from individuals but can be from other sources where permitted by the Privacy Act
  • Personal information needs to be available to facilitate Canadians’ right of access to and correction of government records
  • Design access controls into all processes and across all architectural layers from the earliest stages of design to limit the use and disclosure of personal information
  • Design processes so personal information remains accurate, up-to-date and as complete as possible and can be corrected if required
  • De-identification techniques should be considered prior to sharing personal information
  • In collaboration with your ATIP officials, determine if a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) is required to identify and mitigate privacy risks for new or substantially modified programs that impact the privacy of individuals
  • Establish procedures to identify and address privacy breaches so they can be reported quickly and responded to efficiently within your institution

Application Architecture

Application architecture practices must evolve significantly for the successful implementation of the GC Enterprise Ecosystem Target Architecture. Transitioning from legacy systems based on monolithic architectures to architectures that oriented around business services and based on re-useable components implementing business capabilities, is a major shift.   Interoperability becomes a key element, and the number of stakeholders that must be considered increases.

Use Open Source Solutions hosted in Public Cloud

  • Select existing solutions that can be reused over custom built
  • Contribute all improvements back to the communities
  • Register Open Source software to the Open Resource Exchange

Use Software as a Service (SaaS) hosted in Public Cloud

  • Choose SaaS that best fit for purpose based on alignment with SaaS capabilities
  • Choose a SaaS solution that is extendable
  • Configure SaaS and if customization is necessary extend as Open Source modules

Design for Interoperability

  • Design systems as highly modular and loosely coupled services
  • Expose services, including existing ones, through APIs
  • Make the APIs discoverable to the appropriate stakeholders

Technology Architecture

Technology architecture is an important enabler of highly available and adaptable solutions that must be aligned with the chosen application architecture. Cloud adoption provides many potential advantages by mitigating the logistical constraints that often negatively impacted legacy solutions hosted “on premises”.  However, the application architecture must be able to enable these advantages.

Use Cloud first

  • Adopt the use of the GC Accelerators to ensure proper Security and Access Controls
  • Enforce this order of preference: Software as a Service (SaaS) first, then Platform as a Service (PaaS), and lastly Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
  • Fulfill Cloud Services through SSC Cloud Brokering Services
  • Enforce this order of preference: Public cloud first, then Hybrid cloud, then Private cloud, and lastly non-cloud (on-premises) solutions
  • Design for cloud mobility and develop an exit strategy to avoid vendor lock-in

Design for Performance, Availability, and Scalability

  • Ensure response times meet user needs, and critical services are highly available
  • Support zero-downtime deployments for planned and unplanned maintenance
  • Use distributed architectures, assume failure will happen, handle errors gracefully, and monitor performance and behaviour actively
  • Establish architectures that supports new technology insertion with minimal disruption to existing programs and services
  • Control Technical Diversity - design systems based on modern technologies and platforms already in use.

Follow DevSecOps Principles

  • Use continuous integration and continuous deployments (CI/CD)
  • Ensure automated testing occurs for security and functionality
  • Include your users and other stakeholders as part of DevSecOps process

Security Architecture

The GC Enterprise Security Architecture (ESA) program is a government-wide initiative to provide a standardized approach to developing IT security architecture, ensuring that basic security blocks are implemented across the enterprise as the infrastructure is being renewed.

Build Security into the System Life Cycle, Across All Architectural Layers

  • Identify and categorize information based on the degree of injury that could be expected to result from a compromise of its confidentiality, integrity and availability.
  • Implement a continuous security approach, in alignment with CCCS’s IT Security Risk Management Framework. Perform threat modelling to minimize the attack surface by limiting services exposed and information exchanged to the minimum necessary.
  • Apply proportionate security measures that address business and user needs while adequately protecting data at rest and data in transit.
  • Design systems to be resilient and available in order to support service continuity.

Ensure Secure Access to Systems and Services

  • Identify and authenticate individuals, processes and/or devices to an appropriate level of assurance, based on clearly defined roles, before granting access to information and services. Leverage enterprise services such as Government of Canada trusted digital identity solutions that are supported by the Pan-Canadian Trust Framework
  • Constrain service interfaces to authorized entities (users and devices), with clearly defined roles. Segment and separate information based on sensitivity of information, in alignment with ITSG-22 and ITSG-38. Management interfaces may require increased levels of protection.
  • Implement HTTPS for secure web connections and DMARC for enhanced email security.
  • Establish secure interconnections between systems through secure APIs or leveraging centrally managed Hybrid IT connectivity services

Maintain Secure Operations

  • Establish processes to maintain visibility of assets and ensure the prompt application of security-related patches and updates in order to reduce exposure to vulnerabilities, in accordance with GC Patch Management Guidance.
  • Enable event logging, in accordance with GC Event Logging Guidance, and perform monitoring of systems and services in order to detect, prevent, and respond to attacks.
  • Establish an incident management plan in alignment with the GC Cyber Security Event Management Plan (GC CSEMP) and report incidents to the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS).

Status

The EA Framework was presented at GC EARB on July 16th, 2020. Additional feedback has been sought from the stakeholders by August 31st, 2020, before it will return to GC EARB for an endorsement on October 22, 2020.

The EA Framework takes effect on December 1, 2020. (proposed)

The EA Framework is a replacement of Appendix A. Mandatory Procedures for Enterprise Architecture Assessment. which will be rescinded.

The EA Framework will be published on Canada.ca along with the target state architecture.

Standards and Guidelines.

https://www.canada.ca/en/government/system/digital-government/policies-standards.html

EA Framework Playbook

Here is an archived version of the playbook that was developed for the original EA assessment Criteria. It will updated to align the updated EA Framework once it is approved at GC EARB.